Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH

Visão geral

Ethylene reacts with steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst at 300 C and 60-70 atm to produce ethanol. This is the primary industrial method for synthetic ethanol production. The reaction follows Markovnikov's rule.

Participantes

Papel Substância Coeficiente Estado
Reagente Ethylene C₂H₄ 1 (g)
Reagente Water H₂O 1 (g)
Produto Ethanol C₂H₅OH 1 (l)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Industrial ethanol used in hand sanitizers, solvents, and chemical manufacturing is often produced by this process.

Importância industrial

Esta é uma das reações orgânicas industriais de maior volume, produzindo milhões de toneladas de etanol para solventes, síntese química e mistura de combustíveis.

Propriedades

Tipo
Synthesis
Reversível
Sim
Energia
Exotérmico
ΔH
-44,2 kJ/mol
Catalisador
Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) on silica

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH.
What type of reaction is Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)?
Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene) exothermic or endothermic?
Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -44.2 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) on silica).