Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Production
MnSO4 + 2H2O → MnO2 + H2SO4 + H2
Overview
Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is produced by electrolyzing manganese sulfate solution in sulfuric acid at 90–98°C. MnO₂ deposits on the titanium anode as a dense, high-purity gamma-phase material with superior electrochemical activity compared to natural or chemical MnO₂. EMD is essential for high-performance alkaline and lithium batteries.
Participants
| Role | Substance | Coefficient | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactant | Water H₂O | 2 | (l) |
| Product | Manganese Dioxide MnO₂ | 1 | (s) |
| Product | Sulfuric Acid H₂SO₄ | 1 | (aq) |
Everyday Example
The MnO₂ cathode in every Duracell or Energizer alkaline battery is electrolytic manganese dioxide made by this process.
Industrial Importance
EMD production exceeds 500,000 tonnes annually, driven by demand from the alkaline and lithium battery industries.
Properties
- Type
- Electrochemical
- Reversible
- No
- Energy
- Endothermic
- ΔH
- 385.0 kJ/mol
Related Reactions
Alkaline Battery Discharge
Anodizing of Aluminum
Cathodic Protection (Zinc Sacrificial Anode)
Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis
Chrome Electroplating
Copper Electroplating
Daniell Cell (Zinc-Copper Galvanic Cell)
Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to CO
Electrochemical Machining (ECM)
Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Production?
The balanced equation is: MnSO₄ + 2H₂O → MnO₂ + H₂SO₄ + H₂.
What type of reaction is Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Production?
Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Production is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Production exothermic or endothermic?
Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Production is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 385.0 kJ/mol.