Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP)

LiFePO4 ⇌ FePO4 + Li+ + e−

Overview

LFP batteries use lithium iron phosphate cathode and graphite anode with a cell voltage of 3.2–3.3 V and energy density of 90–160 Wh/kg. The olivine crystal structure of LiFePO₄ provides exceptional thermal stability and safety — the Fe–O bond is much stronger than the Co–O bond in NMC/NCA, preventing oxygen release during thermal runaway.

Participants

Role Substance Coefficient State
Reactant Lithium Li 1 (s)
Reactant Iron Fe 1 (s)

Everyday Example

Tesla's Standard Range vehicles and many Chinese EVs use LFP batteries for their superior safety and longer cycle life (3,000+ cycles).

Industrial Importance

LFP batteries are dominant in Chinese EVs and growing globally. BYD's Blade Battery and CATL's CELL-to-PACK technology use LFP.

Properties

Type
Electrochemical
Reversible
Yes
Energy
Exothermic
ΔH
-180.0 kJ/mol

Related Reactions

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP)?
The balanced equation is: LiFePO₄ ⇌ FePO₄ + Li⁺ + e⁻.
What type of reaction is Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP)?
Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP) is a electrochemical reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP) exothermic or endothermic?
Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -180.0 kJ/mol.