Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate

2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2

Overview

Potassium chlorate decomposes when heated (with MnO2 catalyst at ~200 C, or without catalyst at ~400 C) to form potassium chloride and oxygen gas. This reaction was historically used as a laboratory source of oxygen gas before compressed gas cylinders became widely available.

Participants

Role Substance Coefficient State
Product Potassium Chloride KCl 2 (s)
Product Oxygen O 3 (g)

Everyday Example

Safety matches contain potassium chlorate as the oxidizer, which decomposes and releases oxygen when struck to help ignite the match.

Industrial Importance

Used in pyrotechnics, matches, and as a laboratory oxygen source. Potassium chlorate was historically used as a primary explosive, though safer alternatives have largely replaced it.

Properties

Type
Decomposition
Reversible
No
Energy
Endothermic
ΔH
89.4 kJ/mol
Catalyst
Manganese dioxide (MnO₂)

Related Reactions

Cracking of Octane (Thermal Cracking) Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate Decomposition of Barium Peroxide Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate (Calcination) Decomposition of Calcium Hypochlorite Decomposition of Carbonic Acid Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition of Iron(II,III) Oxide (Direct Reduction) Decomposition of Nitroglycerin Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate?
The balanced equation is: 2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂.
What type of reaction is Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate?
Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate is a decomposition reaction.
Is Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate exothermic or endothermic?
Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 89.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Manganese dioxide (MnO₂)).