Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
Overview
Potassium chlorate decomposes when heated (with MnO2 catalyst at ~200 C, or without catalyst at ~400 C) to form potassium chloride and oxygen gas. This reaction was historically used as a laboratory source of oxygen gas before compressed gas cylinders became widely available.
Participants
| Role | Substance | Coefficient | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| Product | Potassium Chloride KCl | 2 | (s) |
| Product | Oxygen O | 3 | (g) |
Everyday Example
Safety matches contain potassium chlorate as the oxidizer, which decomposes and releases oxygen when struck to help ignite the match.
Industrial Importance
Used in pyrotechnics, matches, and as a laboratory oxygen source. Potassium chlorate was historically used as a primary explosive, though safer alternatives have largely replaced it.
Properties
- Type
- Decomposition
- Reversible
- No
- Energy
- Endothermic
- ΔH
- 89.4 kJ/mol
- Catalyst
- Manganese dioxide (MnO₂)
Related Reactions
Cracking of Octane (Thermal Cracking)
Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate
Decomposition of Barium Peroxide
Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate (Calcination)
Decomposition of Calcium Hypochlorite
Decomposition of Carbonic Acid
Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
Decomposition of Iron(II,III) Oxide (Direct Reduction)
Decomposition of Nitroglycerin
Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate?
The balanced equation is: 2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂.
What type of reaction is Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate?
Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate is a decomposition reaction.
Is Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate exothermic or endothermic?
Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 89.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Manganese dioxide (MnO₂)).