كروماتوجرافيا أصباغ النباتات
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فصل الكلوروفيل والكاروتينويدات باستخدام كروماتوجرافيا الورق
الهدف
فصل وتحديد أصباغ النباتات باستخدام كروماتوجرافيا الورق وحساب قيم Rf لكل صبغة.
الخلفية
Paper chromatography separates mixtures based on differential affinity for the stationary phase (paper) and mobile phase (solvent). Plant leaves contain multiple pigments: chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green), xanthophylls (yellow), and carotenoids (orange). These pigments have different polarities, causing them to travel different distances up the paper as the solvent front advances.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames
- Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood
- Avoid inhaling solvent vapors
- Petroleum ether is a skin irritant
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Fresh spinach leaves (5–10 leaves)Or other dark green leaves
-
Acetone or isopropanol (50 mL)Extraction solvent
-
Petroleum ether (30 mL)Chromatography solvent
-
Chromatography paper (2 strips)Whatman No. 1 or equivalent
-
Sand (1 teaspoon)For grinding
المعدات
الإجراء
Grind spinach leaves with a pinch of sand and 5 mL acetone in a mortar until a deep green extract forms.
Draw a pencil line 2 cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper. Apply the extract using a capillary tube in a small spot. Let dry and reapply 3–4 times to concentrate.
Pour petroleum ether into the beaker to a depth of about 1 cm. Suspend the paper strip so the origin line is just above the solvent level.
Cover the beaker with a watch glass and let the solvent rise by capillary action. Do not disturb until the solvent front is 1–2 cm from the top.
Remove the paper, immediately mark the solvent front with pencil. Let dry completely.
Identify the colored bands: carotenoids (orange, highest Rf), xanthophylls (yellow), chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green, lowest Rf). Calculate Rf values for each band.
النتائج المتوقعة
Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.
التنظيف
Allow all solvents to evaporate in the fume hood. Dispose of paper in general waste. Clean mortar and pestle thoroughly.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Qualitative Analysis
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 60 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $8,00
- الخطوات
- 6
- المواد
- 5