قوس قزح مؤشر الرقم الهيدروجيني
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رسم تغيرات ألوان المؤشر عبر نطاق الرقم الهيدروجيني الكامل
الهدف
لاحظ كيف تتغير مؤشرات الرقم الهيدروجيني المختلفة لوناً عند قيم pH محددة وافهم مفهوم نطاقات انتقال المؤشر.
الخلفية
pH indicators are weak acids or bases whose conjugate forms have different colors. Each indicator has a characteristic transition range where it changes color. By testing multiple indicators across a range of buffered solutions, students create a visual map of indicator behavior that reinforces concepts of acid-base equilibrium and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Indicators can stain skin and clothing
- Extreme pH solutions (pH 1, 14) are corrosive
- Avoid mixing different buffer solutions
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Buffer solutions (pH 1–14) (5 mL each)Pre-prepared set
-
Methyl orange indicator (5 mL)pH 3.1–4.4 range
-
Bromothymol blue indicator (5 mL)pH 6.0–7.6 range
-
Phenolphthalein indicator (5 mL)pH 8.2–10.0 range
-
Universal indicator (5 mL)Full pH range
-
Litmus solution (red and blue) (5 mL each)Simple acid/base test
المعدات
الإجراء
Arrange the spot plate and add 10 drops of each buffer solution (pH 1 through 14) across each row.
Add 2 drops of methyl orange to the first row of buffer solutions. Record the color at each pH.
Add 2 drops of bromothymol blue to the second row. Record the color at each pH.
Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein to the third row. Record the color at each pH.
Add 2 drops of universal indicator to the fourth row. Observe the full rainbow of colors.
Create a color chart recording each indicator's color at every pH level. Identify each indicator's transition range.
النتائج المتوقعة
Methyl orange: red (acidic) to yellow (basic) around pH 3–4. Bromothymol blue: yellow to blue around pH 6–7.6. Phenolphthalein: colorless to pink around pH 8–10. Universal indicator: red through violet across the full pH range.
التنظيف
Pour solutions into the appropriate waste container (acid or base). Rinse spot plates thoroughly with distilled water.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Qualitative Analysis
- الصعوبة
- Beginner (Middle School)
- المدة
- 45 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $8,00
- الخطوات
- 6
- المواد
- 6