اختبار خرزة البوراكس لأيونات المعادن

تعرف على المعادن الانتقالية من خلال خرزات الزجاج الملونة المتكونة في دمج البوراكس

Qualitative Analysis Intermediate (High School) 45 دقيقة ~$8,00

الهدف

تعرف على أيونات المعادن الانتقالية من خلال الألوان المميزة التي تنتجها عند دمجها في خرزة زجاج البوراكس (رباعي بورات الصوديوم).

الخلفية

The borax bead test is an elegant method for identifying transition metal ions. When borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) is heated, it loses water and forms a clear glassy bead of sodium metaborate. When a metal salt is dissolved into this bead, the metal ions become trapped in the glass matrix, producing characteristic colors. The color often differs between the oxidizing flame (outer cone) and reducing flame (inner cone), providing additional diagnostic information.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • Molten borax beads are extremely hot
  • Chromium compounds are irritants — avoid dust inhalation
  • Do not touch hot beads — let cool on a watch glass
  • Cobalt compounds are toxic if ingested

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) (5 g)
    Powdered
  • Metal salt samples (0.5 g each)
    CuSO₄, CoCl₂, NiCl₂, FeCl₃, MnCl₂, Cr₂O₃
  • Unknown metal salt (0.5 g)

المعدات

Platinum wire loop (or nichrome alternative) Bunsen burner Forceps Watch glasses (7)

الإجراء

1

Make a small loop at the end of the platinum wire. Heat the loop in the hottest part of the flame until red-hot.

2 دقيقة Wire is very hot
2

Dip the hot wire into powdered borax. Return to the flame and heat until a clear, transparent glass bead forms. Repeat dipping and heating if needed to build up the bead.

5 دقيقة
3

Touch the hot bead to a tiny amount of CuSO₄ powder. Return to the oxidizing flame (outer cone). Observe the color (should be blue-green).

5 دقيقة
4

Now heat the same bead in the reducing flame (inner cone, blue). The color may change to red (metallic copper).

3 دقيقة
5

Make fresh beads and repeat for each metal salt. Record colors in both oxidizing and reducing flames, both hot and cold.

20 دقيقة
6

Test the unknown salt and match the bead colors to your reference chart.

10 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

Cu: blue-green (oxidizing), red (reducing). Co: deep blue (both). Ni: gray-brown (oxidizing), gray (reducing). Fe: yellow-brown (oxidizing), green (reducing). Mn: violet (oxidizing), colorless (reducing). Cr: green (both, darker in reducing).

التنظيف

Allow all beads to cool completely. Dispose of transition metal waste appropriately. Clean the platinum wire by fusing with fresh borax until clear.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of اختبار خرزة البوراكس لأيونات المعادن?
تعرف على أيونات المعادن الانتقالية من خلال الألوان المميزة التي تنتجها عند دمجها في خرزة زجاج البوراكس (رباعي بورات الصوديوم).
How difficult is اختبار خرزة البوراكس لأيونات المعادن?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for اختبار خرزة البوراكس لأيونات المعادن?
Key safety precautions include: Molten borax beads are extremely hot; Chromium compounds are irritants — avoid dust inhalation; Do not touch hot beads — let cool on a watch glass.
What materials are needed for اختبار خرزة البوراكس لأيونات المعادن?
The main materials required are: Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O), Metal salt samples, Unknown metal salt.
What results should I expect from اختبار خرزة البوراكس لأيونات المعادن?
Cu: blue-green (oxidizing), red (reducing). Co: deep blue (both). Ni: gray-brown (oxidizing), gray (reducing). Fe: yellow-brown (oxidizing), green (reducing). Mn: violet (oxidizing), colorless (reducing). Cr: green (both, darker in reducing).