تحديد الحديد في الماء

قياس تركيز الحديد المذاب باستخدام قياس الألوان بالثيوسيانات

Colorimetry Intermediate (High School) 75 دقيقة ~$10,00

الهدف

تحديد تركيز الحديد(III) في عينة ماء باستخدام طريقة قياس الألوان بالثيوسيانات.

الخلفية

Iron(III) ions react with thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) to form the intensely red-colored complex [Fe(SCN)]²⁺. The intensity of the red color is proportional to the Fe³⁺ concentration, following the Beer-Lambert law. This method is widely used in water quality testing and environmental monitoring. Students learn both the analytical technique and the chemistry of complex ion formation.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • FeCl₃ solution stains skin and clothing
  • KSCN is harmful if swallowed
  • HNO₃ is corrosive — handle with care
  • Dispose of thiocyanate waste in designated containers

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) standard (100 mL)
    0.01 M stock solution
  • Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) (100 mL)
    0.1 M solution
  • Dilute HNO₃ (0.1 M) (50 mL)
    To maintain acidity
  • Water sample (50 mL)
    Unknown iron content
  • Distilled water (500 mL)
    For dilutions

المعدات

Colorimeter or spectrophotometer Cuvettes (matched pair) Volumetric flasks (50 mL, 7 total) Pipettes (1 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL) Pipette filler

الإجراء

1

Prepare a series of standard Fe³⁺ solutions (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ppm) by diluting the stock FeCl₃ solution in 50 mL volumetric flasks.

15 دقيقة
2

Add 5 mL of 0.1 M KSCN and 2 mL of dilute HNO₃ to each standard flask and the water sample. Make up to volume with distilled water.

10 دقيقة
3

Allow 5 minutes for full color development. The solutions should range from pale to deep red.

5 دقيقة
4

Set the colorimeter to 480 nm. Zero with the blank solution (0 ppm Fe³⁺ + KSCN).

5 دقيقة
5

Measure the absorbance of each standard solution and the water sample.

15 دقيقة
6

Plot the calibration curve (absorbance vs. concentration). Use it to determine the iron concentration in the water sample.

15 دقيقة
7

Calculate the iron concentration and evaluate whether the water meets drinking water standards (<0.3 ppm).

10 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

The calibration curve should be linear from 0 to 10 ppm. The deep red color of [Fe(SCN)]²⁺ intensifies with increasing Fe³⁺ concentration. The water sample's iron content is determined from the calibration curve.

التنظيف

Collect all thiocyanate-containing solutions in labeled waste. Rinse all glassware thoroughly. Wipe down the colorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of تحديد الحديد في الماء?
تحديد تركيز الحديد(III) في عينة ماء باستخدام طريقة قياس الألوان بالثيوسيانات.
How difficult is تحديد الحديد في الماء?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 75 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for تحديد الحديد في الماء?
Key safety precautions include: FeCl₃ solution stains skin and clothing; KSCN is harmful if swallowed; HNO₃ is corrosive — handle with care.
What materials are needed for تحديد الحديد في الماء?
The main materials required are: Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) standard, Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), Dilute HNO₃ (0.1 M), Water sample, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from تحديد الحديد في الماء?
The calibration curve should be linear from 0 to 10 ppm. The deep red color of [Fe(SCN)]²⁺ intensifies with increasing Fe³⁺ concentration. The water sample's iron content is determined from the calibration curve.