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التحلل الحفزي السريع لبيروكسيد الهيدروجين منتجاً عموداً ضخماً من الرغوة
الهدف
إظهار التحلل الحفزي لبيروكسيد الهيدروجين باستخدام يوديد البوتاسيوم، مما يوضح مفاهيم التحفيز والتفاعلات الطاردة للحرارة وانطلاق الغاز.
الخلفية
Elephant toothpaste is one of the most popular chemistry demonstrations. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is decomposed rapidly by a potassium iodide (KI) catalyst, releasing oxygen gas and steam. When performed in a narrow-neck flask with dish soap, the oxygen gas creates a towering column of foam that erupts like giant toothpaste. The reaction is exothermic, and the foam is warm to the touch. The iodide ion acts as a catalyst by cycling between I⁻ and IO⁻ intermediates.
تحذيرات السلامة
- 30% H₂O₂ causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- Wear face shield and heavy-duty gloves
- Do not stand over the flask when adding KI
- The foam is hot — do not touch immediately
- Perform behind a safety shield
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (50 mL)30% concentration required for dramatic effect
-
Potassium iodide (KI) (10 g)Dissolved in 25 mL water
-
Liquid dish soap (15 mL)
-
Food coloring (5 drops)Optional, for visual effect
-
Large tray or bin (1)To catch overflow
المعدات
الإجراء
Place the Erlenmeyer flask on the large tray. Set up the safety shield.
Carefully pour 50 mL of 30% H₂O₂ into the flask.
Add 15 mL of dish soap and a few drops of food coloring. Swirl gently to mix.
Dissolve 10 g of KI in 25 mL of warm water. Pour this solution into the flask using a funnel and step back immediately.
Observe the rapid evolution of foam. The reaction is complete in seconds. Discuss the role of KI as a catalyst.
After the foam cools, students may touch it (with gloves). It contains only water, oxygen, soap, and KI — no H₂O₂ remains.
النتائج المتوقعة
A dramatic eruption of warm, colored foam that rises 1–2 meters above the flask. Steam may be visible. The reaction demonstrates catalysis (KI is not consumed), exothermic processes, and gas evolution (O₂).
التنظيف
The foam is non-toxic (soap, water, KI). Rinse down the drain with plenty of water. Clean the flask and tray.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Classroom Demonstrations
- الصعوبة
- Beginner (Middle School)
- المدة
- 20 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $10,00
- الخطوات
- 6
- المواد
- 5