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تفاعل موقوت يتحول فجأة إلى اللون الأزرق الغامق بعد تأخير قابل للتنبؤ
الهدف
إظهار حركية التفاعل وتأثير التركيز ودرجة الحرارة على معدل التفاعل باستخدام تفاعل ساعة اليود.
الخلفية
The iodine clock reaction is a classic demonstration of chemical kinetics. Two colorless solutions are mixed and after a predictable delay, the solution suddenly turns dark blue. The delay occurs because bisulfite (HSO₃⁻) rapidly reduces any I₂ produced back to I⁻ (the clock mechanism). When all the bisulfite is consumed, I₂ accumulates and reacts with starch to produce the dramatic blue-black color. By varying concentration or temperature, students can explore factors affecting reaction rate.
تحذيرات السلامة
- H₂SO₄ is corrosive
- NaHSO₃ releases SO₂ gas if over-acidified — work in ventilated area
- KIO₃ is an oxidizer
- Hot plate surfaces are a burn hazard
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Potassium iodate (KIO₃) (2 g)Solution A
-
Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) (1 g)Solution B
-
Starch solution (1%) (10 mL)Indicator in Solution B
-
Sulfuric acid (0.5M H₂SO₄) (20 mL)Solution A acidification
-
Distilled water (500 mL)
المعدات
الإجراء
Prepare Solution A: Dissolve 2 g KIO₃ in 200 mL water, add 20 mL of 0.5M H₂SO₄.
Prepare Solution B: Dissolve 1 g NaHSO₃ in 200 mL water, add 10 mL of 1% starch solution.
Trial 1 (baseline): Mix 50 mL of A with 50 mL of B and start the stopwatch immediately. Record the time until the solution turns blue.
Trial 2 (concentration effect): Mix 25 mL of A + 25 mL water with 50 mL of B. Record the time. It should take approximately twice as long.
Trial 3 (temperature effect): Warm both solutions to 40°C. Mix 50 mL of each and record the time. It should be significantly shorter.
Trial 4 (cold): Cool both solutions to 10°C in an ice bath. Mix and record the time.
Plot reaction time vs. concentration and temperature. Discuss rate law, activation energy, and the Arrhenius equation.
النتائج المتوقعة
The blue color appears suddenly after a delay of 5–60 seconds depending on conditions. Doubling concentration roughly halves the time. Increasing temperature by 10°C roughly halves the time (consistent with the Arrhenius equation).
التنظيف
Pour reacted solutions down the drain with water. Rinse all glassware. Clean the magnetic stirrer.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Classroom Demonstrations
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 45 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $10,00
- الخطوات
- 7
- المواد
- 5