Chemical Compounds

1,3-Butadiene is a key monomer for synthetic rubber including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) used in automobile tires.

Acetylene is the simplest alkyne, producing an extremely hot flame (3,300°C) when burned with oxygen. It is used in welding …

Ammonia is a pungent gas and one of the most produced industrial chemicals. It is the basis of the fertilizer …

Arsine is an extremely toxic gas used in the semiconductor industry for gallium arsenide production. It is the most toxic …

Boron trichloride is a colorless gas that fumes in moist air and is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis …

Boron trifluoride is a powerful Lewis acid used as a catalyst in organic chemistry. Its electron-deficient boron atom accepts electron …

Butane is a four-carbon alkane used as lighter fuel and aerosol propellant. It exists as two isomers: n-butane and isobutane.

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas vital to life on Earth. It is produced by combustion, respiration, and volcanic activity, …

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion. It binds to hemoglobin 200 times more strongly …

Diborane is a colorless, pyrophoric gas with three-center two-electron bonds that challenged classical bonding theory. Its unusual 'banana bond' structure …

Dimethylamine is a secondary amine with a fishy, ammoniacal odor. It is used to synthesize dimethylformamide, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.

Ethane is a two-carbon alkane, the second simplest hydrocarbon. It is used primarily as a feedstock for ethylene production through …

Ethylene is the simplest alkene and the most produced organic compound worldwide. It is the key monomer for polyethylene plastic.

Ethylene oxide is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide. It is one of the most versatile chemical intermediates, used …

Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde, used in resins and as a preservative. Formalin (37% formaldehyde in water) is used to …

Freon-12 (CFC-12) was the most widely used refrigerant until the Montreal Protocol banned it for depleting the ozone layer. It …

Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid used in organic synthesis and as a catalyst. It is the second strongest hydrohalic …

Hydrochloric acid is a strong mineral acid found naturally in gastric acid. It is one of the most commonly used …

Hydrofluoric acid is unique among hydrohalic acids — it is weak but extremely dangerous. It can dissolve glass and penetrate …

Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas with a distinctive rotten egg smell. It is produced by bacterial decomposition and found …

Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas. It is a potent greenhouse gas, approximately 80× …

Methylamine is the simplest primary amine with a strong fishy odor. It is an important building block for pharmaceuticals and …

Methyl bromide was one of the most effective soil fumigants until being phased out under the Montreal Protocol for ozone …

Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Its discovery as a biological messenger won the 1998 Nobel …

Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown toxic gas with a sharp, biting odor. It is a major air pollutant from vehicle …

NF₃ is a colorless gas widely used in the semiconductor industry for plasma etching and chamber cleaning of chemical vapor …

Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is used as an anesthetic in dentistry and as a propellant in whipped cream cans. It …

Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen with three atoms per molecule. Stratospheric ozone shields Earth from UV radiation, while ground-level …

Phosgene is a toxic, colorless gas that smells like freshly mown hay. It was used as a chemical weapon in …

Phosphine is a toxic gas with a garlic or rotten fish odor. Its detection in Venus's atmosphere in 2020 sparked …

Propane is a three-carbon alkane commonly used as LPG fuel. It liquefies under moderate pressure, making it easy to store …

Silane is the silicon analog of methane. It is pyrophoric (spontaneously ignites in air) and essential in semiconductor manufacturing.

Sulfur dioxide is a toxic gas with a pungent smell, produced by volcanic eruptions and industrial processes. It is a …

SF₆ is an extremely stable, non-toxic, non-flammable gas with the highest known dielectric strength. It is used as an electrical …

Vinyl chloride is the monomer used to produce PVC, one of the world's most used plastics. It is a colorless …