Chemical Compounds

Ammonium bicarbonate is a leavening agent that decomposes completely to gases when heated, leaving no residue. It is used in …

Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline salt with many industrial and historical uses. It is used in fertilizers, soldering flux, …

Ammonium sulfate is one of the oldest and most widely used nitrogen fertilizers. It provides both nitrogen and sulfur to …

Barium carbonate is a white powder used in the manufacture of specialty glass, ceramics, and rat poison. It occurs naturally …

Barium chloride is a toxic white salt used as a reagent for sulfate testing and in the manufacture of pigments …

Barium sulfate is an extremely insoluble salt used as a radiocontrast agent for X-ray imaging and in oil well drilling.

Cadmium sulfide is a bright yellow pigment (cadmium yellow) used in artist paints and a semiconductor used in solar cells …

Calcium acetate is a calcium salt of acetic acid used medicinally as a phosphate binder for patients with kidney disease. …

Calcium carbonate is found in limestone, marble, chalk, and seashells. It is the most common calcium compound in nature.

Calcium citrate is a calcium supplement with better absorption on an empty stomach than calcium carbonate. It is also used …

Calcium fluoride is found naturally as the mineral fluorite, which displays beautiful fluorescence under UV light — the phenomenon of …

Calcium hypochlorite is a powerful oxidizing and bleaching agent sold as a white solid with a strong chlorine smell. It …

Tricalcium phosphate is the main mineral component of bone and tooth enamel. Hydroxyapatite, its natural form, makes up about 70% …

Calcium propionate (E282) is the most common bread preservative, preventing mold growth while providing calcium. It is naturally present in …

Calcium sulfate occurs naturally as gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) and anhydrite. Plaster of Paris is its hemihydrate form.

Calcium tungstate (scheelite) is the primary ore mineral for tungsten and fluoresces bright blue-white under UV light. It was used …

Cerium(III) chloride is the most common cerium salt, used in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid catalyst (Luche reduction) and …

Chromium(III) chloride is a purple-green salt used as a catalyst and mordant. Unlike hexavalent chromium compounds, trivalent chromium is relatively …

Cobalt(II) chloride changes from blue (anhydrous) to pink (hydrated) with moisture, making it a popular humidity indicator. It is used …

Copper(II) chloride is a yellow-brown solid that turns green when hydrated. It is used as a catalyst, wood preservative, and …

Copper(II) nitrate is a blue crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. It is used in patina solutions for …

Copper(II) sulfate forms striking blue crystals (pentahydrate form). It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and in crystal growing …

Copper(II) sulfide, or covellite, is a dark blue-black mineral. It is an important copper ore and semiconductor material.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the most widely used phosphorus fertilizer in the world. It provides both nitrogen and phosphorus essential …

Ferrous gluconate is an iron supplement with better GI tolerance than ferrous sulfate. It is also used as a food …

Iron(III) chloride is a dark, hygroscopic compound used as a water treatment agent and printed circuit board etchant.

Iron(III) sulfate is a yellow-brown salt used in water treatment as a coagulant and in etching printed circuit boards.

Iron(II) sulfide occurs naturally as troilite and pyrrhotite. It is used to generate hydrogen sulfide in laboratory settings and in …

Lead(II) sulfide, or galena, is the most important ore of lead and was one of the first semiconductors discovered. Ancient …

Lithium carbonate is the most important lithium compound commercially. It is used to treat bipolar disorder and in lithium-ion battery …

Lithium fluoride is a white crystalline salt notable for its extremely low solubility compared to other alkali metal halides. It …

LFP is a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries offering excellent safety, cycle life, and cost compared to cobalt-based cathodes. It …

Magnesium carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral magnesite. It is used as a drying agent, antacid, and in athletic chalk …

Magnesium chloride is the primary source of magnesium metal via electrolysis. It is also used as a road de-icer, tofu …

Magnesium sulfate is commonly known as Epsom salt (in its hydrated form MgSO₄·7H₂O). It is used in bath salts and …

Calomel (Hg₂Cl₂) was historically used as a medicine, laxative, and teething powder despite its toxicity. It is now mainly used …

Mercury(II) sulfide occurs naturally as cinnabar, a brilliant red mineral used as a pigment since ancient times. It was the …

Monosodium citrate is a food additive used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. It is commonly used in beverages and …

MSG is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, widely used as a flavor enhancer that imparts umami taste. It was …

Monosodium phosphate is a food additive used as an emulsifier, leavening acid, and buffering agent. It is also used in …

Nickel(II) sulfate is the most important nickel salt commercially, primarily used in electroplating and nickel-cadmium battery production.

Potash alum is a double salt used in water purification, pickling, and as an astringent. It has been used since …

Potassium bitartrate, known as cream of tartar, is a byproduct of winemaking that crystallizes in wine barrels. It is the …

Potassium carbonate, or potash, is historically one of the most important industrial chemicals. It is used in glass making, soap …

Potassium chloride is a salt used as a fertilizer and salt substitute. It is the most common potassium compound in …

Potassium chromate is a bright yellow salt used as an indicator in argentometric titrations and as a corrosion inhibitor.

Cream of tartar is a byproduct of winemaking that crystallizes inside wine barrels. It is used in baking as a …

Potassium iodate is used for iodization of salt in many developing countries because it is more stable than potassium iodide …

Potassium iodide is a salt used to protect the thyroid gland from radiation and to treat iodine deficiency. It is …

Potassium nitrate (saltpeter) is a key component of gunpowder and an important fertilizer. It provides both potassium and nitrogen to …

Dipotassium phosphate is a highly soluble salt used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffer in biological research.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is a widely used food preservative effective against molds and yeasts. It is considered one of the …

Potassium sulfate is a premium potassium fertilizer preferred for chloride-sensitive crops like tobacco, grapes, and citrus.

Potassium thiocyanate is a colorless salt used as a reagent to detect iron(III) ions, producing a characteristic blood-red color.

Silver chloride is a white solid that darkens on exposure to light, a property exploited in photography for over 150 …

Silver nitrate is a versatile compound used in photography, medicine, and analytical chemistry. It stains skin and organic materials black.

Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid, used in food preservation, heating pads, and as a buffer. Supersaturated …

Sodium aluminate is an important intermediate in the Bayer process for producing alumina from bauxite ore. It is formed when …

Sodium azide is a white crystalline salt that decomposes rapidly when heated, producing nitrogen gas. This property makes it the …

Sodium benzoate (E211) is the most widely used food preservative globally, found in soft drinks, condiments, and cosmetics. It inhibits …

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is a mild base used in cooking, cleaning, and medicine. It decomposes above 50°C releasing CO₂.

Sodium bromide is a white crystalline salt used in drilling fluids, photography, and as a pharmaceutical sedative. It was the …

Sodium carbonate (washing soda/soda ash) is a water-soluble salt used in glass making and as a water softener.

Sodium chloride (table salt) is the most common salt, essential for human life. It forms cubic crystals and is abundant …

Sodium chromate is a bright yellow salt and powerful oxidizer used in corrosion inhibition, leather tanning, and as a chromium …

Sodium dichromate is an important industrial chemical used primarily in the production of chromium compounds and in metal finishing. It …

Sodium erythorbate (E316) is the sodium salt of erythorbic acid, used as an antioxidant in processed meats to accelerate curing …

NaPF₆ is being researched as an electrolyte salt for sodium-ion batteries, a cheaper alternative to lithium-ion batteries using abundant sodium.

SHMP is a polyphosphate used as a water softener, sequestrant, and food additive. It prevents calcium scale formation in pipes …

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants. It creates the foamy lather in toothpaste, …

Sodium metabisulfite is a powerful reducing agent and preservative used in wine making, food preservation, and water treatment.

Sodium nitrate (Chile saltpeter) is a naturally occurring mineral used in fertilizers, food preservation, and historically in explosives.

Sodium nitrite is the primary curing agent for meat, giving hot dogs and bacon their pink color and preventing botulism. …

Sodium perborate is a stable source of active oxygen used as a bleaching agent in laundry detergents and teeth whitening …

Sodium percarbonate is an eco-friendly bleaching agent that releases hydrogen peroxide when dissolved. It is the active ingredient in OxiClean.

Sodium periodate is a selective oxidizing agent that cleaves carbon-carbon bonds between vicinal diols. It is indispensable in carbohydrate chemistry.

Sodium permanganate is a powerful oxidizer with much higher water solubility than potassium permanganate, making it useful for water treatment.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is a powerful cleaning agent and degreaser. It was once common in household detergents before environmental regulations …

Sodium stannate is the sodium salt of stannic acid, used as an alkaline tin plating electrolyte and as a flame …

Sodium stearate is the most common soap, formed by the saponification of fats with sodium hydroxide. It has a hydrophilic …

Sodium sulfate (Glauber's salt in hydrated form) is used in detergent manufacturing and the kraft process for paper pulping.

Sodium sulfite is a white solid used as a food preservative and antioxidant. It is the most common sulfiting agent …

Borax is a natural boron mineral used in cleaning products, glass making, and as a flux. It has been mined …

Sodium thiosulfate (hypo) was essential in analog photography as a photographic fixer. It also neutralizes chlorine in water.

STPP is the most commonly used detergent builder, softening water by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions. It is restricted in …

Sodium tungstate is used as a fireproofing agent for fabrics and as a reagent in analytical chemistry. It also serves …

Strontium carbonate is used in the production of specialty glass for cathode ray tubes and in ceramic ferrite magnets. It …

Single superphosphate was the first commercial fertilizer, produced since the 1840s. It provides both phosphorus and calcium to crops.

Tin(II) chloride, or stannous chloride, is a strong reducing agent used in tin plating, as a mordant in dyeing, and …

Vanadyl sulfate is a blue vanadium compound used in redox flow batteries and studied as a potential anti-diabetic agent mimicking …

Zinc sulfate is used as a dietary supplement, in agriculture as a fertilizer, and in the production of rayon fiber.

Zinc sulfide is a luminescent material that forms the basis of many phosphorescent and fluorescent products. It occurs naturally as …