Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)

2Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2

概要

Alumina (Al₂O₃) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) at 960°C and electrolyzed using carbon anodes. Aluminum is deposited at the cathode and oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form CO₂. Independently invented by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886, this process reduced aluminum from a precious metal to a commodity.

参加者

役割 物質 係数 状態
反応物 Aluminum Oxide Al₂O₃ 2 (l)
反応物 Carbon C 3 (s)
生成物 Carbon Dioxide CO₂ 3 (g)
生成物 Aluminum Al 4 (l)

日常の例

Every piece of aluminum foil, beverage can, and airplane wing was produced by the Hall-Héroult process.

産業上の重要性

アルミニウム製錬は年間6,500万トンを生産し、世界電力の約3%を消費する。再生可能エネルギーの利用と電極材料の改良が現代のアルミニウム産業の持続可能性を高めている。

特性

タイプ
Electrochemical
可逆的
いいえ
エネルギー
吸熱性
ΔH
2168.0 kJ/mol
触媒
Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent

関連する反応

Electrolysis of Water Electrolytic Production of Chlorate Electrorefining of Copper Alkaline Battery Discharge Anodizing of Aluminum Cathodic Protection (Zinc Sacrificial Anode) Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis Chrome Electroplating Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to CO

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
The balanced equation is: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂.
What type of reaction is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) exothermic or endothermic?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 2168.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent).