31 Ga Gallium 69.723 u

Gallium

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周期
4
族
13
ブロック
p-ブロック
相 (STP)
Solid

Gallium is a soft metal that melts just above room temperature. It is used in semiconductors, LEDs, and solar cells.

外観: 銀青色

About Gallium

Soft enough to melt in a warm hand, gallium is a silvery-blue metal that liquefies just above room temperature, at about 303 K. It has atomic number 31 and an atomic mass of 69.723, with a density of 5.91 g/cm³ and a boiling point far higher, near 2673 K. Three valence electrons ([Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1) give an electronegativity of 1.81 and a first ionization energy of 579 kJ/mol. Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered the element in 1875. Gallium is used in semiconductors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells, and it is classed as a post-transition metal in group 13, period 4.

物理的特性

原子質量 69.723 u
密度 5.91 g/cm³
融点 29.8 °C
沸点 2399.8 °C
STPにおける相 Solid
原子半径 136.0 pm

電子的特性

電気陰性度 1.81
イオン化エネルギー 578.8 eV
電子親和力 28.9 eV
価電子 3

電子配置

配置 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Gallium electron shell configuration Ga 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 3e⁻
Electron shell structure of Gallium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 3

Position in Periodic Table

Gallium position in the periodic table Ga

発見

発見者: Lecoq de Boisbaudran
年: 1875

ブロックと周期

ブロック

s p d f

周期

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

周期表

ランタノイド アクチノイド

Compounds Containing Gallium

Gallium(III) Oxide

Ga₂O₃

Gallium Arsenide

GaAs

後遷移金属 をもっと見る

13 Al Aluminum 49 In Indium 50 Sn Tin 81 Tl Thallium 82 Pb Lead 83 Bi Bismuth 84 Po Polonium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Gallium?
Gallium (Ga) is a chemical element with atomic number 31. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 後遷移金属.
What are the key properties of Gallium?
Gallium has an atomic mass of 69.723 u, density of 5.91 g/cm³, melting point of 29.8°C, boiling point of 2399.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Gallium?
The electron configuration of Gallium is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Gallium?
Gallium was discovered by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.
What is the electronegativity of Gallium?
Gallium has an electronegativity of 1.81 on the Pauling scale.