Saponification (Fat + NaOH)
fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)
概要
Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.
参加者
| 役割 | 物質 | 係数 | 状態 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 反応物 | Sodium Hydroxide NaOH | 3 | (aq) |
| 生成物 | Glycerol C₃H₈O₃ | 1 | (l) |
日常の例
Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.
産業上の重要性
世界の石鹸産業は年間2,500万トン以上を生産する。副産物のグリセロールは医薬品、化粧品、食品加工に使用される。
特性
- タイプ
- Organic
- 可逆的
- いいえ
- エネルギー
- 発熱性
- ΔH
- -25.0 kJ/mol
関連する反応
Swern Oxidation
Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate)
Kolbe Electrolysis
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime)
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene
Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6)
Cope Rearrangement
Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.
Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.