Saponification (Fat + NaOH)

fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)

概要

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.

参加者

役割 物質 係数 状態
反応物 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH 3 (aq)
生成物 Glycerol C₃H₈O₃ 1 (l)

日常の例

Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.

産業上の重要性

世界の石鹸産業は年間2,500万トン以上を生産する。副産物のグリセロールは医薬品、化粧品、食品加工に使用される。

特性

タイプ
Organic
可逆的
いいえ
エネルギー
発熱性
ΔH
-25.0 kJ/mol

関連する反応

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.
Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.