Síntese de Óleo de Banana (Acetato de Isoamila)

Fabricação do éster responsável pelo sabor de banana

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 min ~$22,00

Objetivo

Sintetizar acetato de isoamila (óleo de banana) via esterificação de Fischer do ácido acético e álcool isoamílico, demonstrando como os ésteres criam sabores frutados.

Contexto

Isoamyl acetate is the ester responsible for the characteristic smell of bananas. It is synthesized by the acid-catalyzed reaction of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid. This experiment demonstrates ester formation, liquid-liquid extraction, and the connection between molecular structure and sensory properties.

Avisos de segurança

  • Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive
  • Glacial acetic acid causes burns
  • Isoamyl alcohol is flammable
  • Work in a fume hood throughout

EPI necessário

goggles gloves lab_coat

Materiais

  • Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) (5 mL)
  • Glacial acetic acid (7 mL)
    Excess
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (1 mL)
    Concentrated, catalyst
  • Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
    5%
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent

Equipamentos

Round-bottom flask (100 mL) Reflux condenser Heating mantle Separating funnel Boiling chips

Procedimento

1

Add 5 mL isoamyl alcohol and 7 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.

3 min Fume hood required
2

Slowly add 1 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst.

2 min Add very slowly — exothermic
3

Attach reflux condenser and heat at gentle reflux for 60 minutes.

60 min Ensure condenser water flows
4

Cool and transfer to a separating funnel. Add 25 mL water and shake.

3 min
5

Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃. Vent frequently.

5 min CO₂ produced — vent
6

Dry the organic layer over Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter and smell by wafting.

12 min Waft — do not sniff directly
7

Calculate the yield and record the banana-like aroma.

5 min

Resultados esperados

A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.

Limpeza

Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Neutralize acid waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water.

Detalhes

Categoria
Organic Synthesis
Dificuldade
Advanced (University)
Duração
90 min
Custo estimado
$22,00
Passos
7
Materiais
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Síntese de Óleo de Banana (Acetato de Isoamila)?
Sintetizar acetato de isoamila (óleo de banana) via esterificação de Fischer do ácido acético e álcool isoamílico, demonstrando como os ésteres criam sabores frutados.
How difficult is Síntese de Óleo de Banana (Acetato de Isoamila)?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Síntese de Óleo de Banana (Acetato de Isoamila)?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive; Glacial acetic acid causes burns; Isoamyl alcohol is flammable.
What materials are needed for Síntese de Óleo de Banana (Acetato de Isoamila)?
The main materials required are: Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), Glacial acetic acid, Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Sodium bicarbonate solution, Anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What results should I expect from Síntese de Óleo de Banana (Acetato de Isoamila)?
A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.