Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde

C2H5OH + [O] → CH3CHO + H2O

Overview

Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, with the carbon bearing the OH group changing oxidation state from -1 to +1. In the body, this reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. Acetaldehyde is toxic and is responsible for many hangover symptoms.

Participants

Role Substance Coefficient State
Reactant Ethanol C₂H₅OH 1 (aq)
Product Water H₂O 1 (l)

Everyday Example

When you drink alcohol, your liver enzymes perform this oxidation to break down ethanol. Acetaldehyde buildup causes hangover symptoms like headache and nausea.

Industrial Importance

Industrial ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde (Wacker process uses PdCl₂ catalyst with ethylene) produces a key intermediate for acetic acid and other chemicals.

Properties

Type
Redox
Reversible
No
Energy
Exothermic
ΔH
-175.0 kJ/mol
Catalyst
Alcohol dehydrogenase (in liver)

Related Reactions

Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold Bleaching with Sodium Hypochlorite Cerium(IV) Reduction by Iron(II) Chlorine Oxidation of Bromide Chromate-Dichromate Equilibrium Contact Process SO₂ Oxidation Copper Displaced by Iron Copper Oxidation by Nitric Acid Copper Patina Formation (Verdigris) Copper Reduction of Silver Ion

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₅OH + [O] → CH₃CHO + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde?
Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde is a redox reaction.
Is Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde exothermic or endothermic?
Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -175.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Alcohol dehydrogenase (in liver)).