استخلاص الكافيين من الشاي

عزل قلويد طبيعي باستخدام استخلاص سائل-سائل

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 دقيقة ~$15,00

الهدف

استخلاص الكافيين من أوراق الشاي باستخدام الاستخلاص السائل-السائل بثنائي كلورو الميثان، مما يوضح الاستخلاص بالمذيب وعزل المنتجات الطبيعية.

الخلفية

Tea contains 2-4% caffeine by dry weight. After brewing a concentrated tea, caffeine is extracted into dichloromethane (DCM), which is immiscible with water. Sodium carbonate is added to convert tannins to sodium salts, keeping them in the aqueous layer while caffeine partitions into DCM.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • DCM is a volatile organic solvent — work in fume hood
  • DCM is denser than water (lower layer in separating funnel)
  • Avoid inhaling DCM vapors
  • Do not use open flames near DCM

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Tea bags (black tea) (4 bags)
    Strong black tea
  • Dichloromethane (DCM) (60 mL)
    Extraction solvent
  • Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (5 g)
    To deprotonate tannins
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent
  • Hot water (200 mL)
    Freshly boiled

المعدات

250 mL beaker Separating funnel Ring stand Evaporating dish Hot plate Buchner funnel

الإجراء

1

Brew a strong tea by steeping 4 tea bags in 200 mL of hot water for 10 minutes. Squeeze out the bags and allow to cool.

15 دقيقة
2

Add 5 g Na₂CO₃ to the tea. Stir until dissolved.

3 دقيقة
3

Transfer the tea to the separating funnel. Add 20 mL DCM. Shake gently with frequent venting.

5 دقيقة DCM pressure — vent often
4

Allow the layers to separate. Drain the lower DCM layer into a clean flask.

3 دقيقة DCM is the lower layer
5

Repeat the DCM extraction two more times with fresh 20 mL portions. Combine all DCM extracts.

10 دقيقة
6

Dry the combined DCM extracts over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter.

12 دقيقة
7

Carefully evaporate the DCM in a fume hood using a warm water bath (not a hot plate directly). White caffeine crystals should remain.

15 دقيقة Fume hood essential — DCM vapors
8

Weigh the crude caffeine. Calculate the yield per gram of tea.

5 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

White to off-white crystalline caffeine, typically 20-50 mg from 4 tea bags. The crystals should have a bitter taste. If a melting point apparatus is available, pure caffeine melts at 235-238°C.

التنظيف

Evaporate remaining DCM in fume hood before disposing of waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water. Dispose of DCM waste in halogenated solvent container.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of استخلاص الكافيين من الشاي?
استخلاص الكافيين من أوراق الشاي باستخدام الاستخلاص السائل-السائل بثنائي كلورو الميثان، مما يوضح الاستخلاص بالمذيب وعزل المنتجات الطبيعية.
How difficult is استخلاص الكافيين من الشاي?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for استخلاص الكافيين من الشاي?
Key safety precautions include: DCM is a volatile organic solvent — work in fume hood; DCM is denser than water (lower layer in separating funnel); Avoid inhaling DCM vapors.
What materials are needed for استخلاص الكافيين من الشاي?
The main materials required are: Tea bags (black tea), Dichloromethane (DCM), Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), Anhydrous sodium sulfate, Hot water.
What results should I expect from استخلاص الكافيين من الشاي?
White to off-white crystalline caffeine, typically 20-50 mg from 4 tea bags. The crystals should have a bitter taste. If a melting point apparatus is available, pure caffeine melts at 235-238°C.