أسترة فيشر لأسيتات الإيثيل
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تخليق استر برائحة فاكهية
الهدف
تخليق أسيتات الإيثيل (رائحة مزيل طلاء الأظافر) عبر أسترة فيشر لحمض الأسيتيك والإيثانول بوجود حمض الكبريتيك كمحفز.
الخلفية
Fischer esterification is the acid-catalyzed condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water. The reaction is reversible, and excess alcohol is used to drive the equilibrium toward product formation. Ethyl acetate has a characteristic sweet, fruity smell and is widely used as an industrial solvent.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive
- Glacial acetic acid causes burns
- Ethanol and ethyl acetate are flammable — no open flames
- Work in a fume hood
- Add sulfuric acid slowly to the mixture
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Glacial acetic acid (10 mL)Corrosive
-
Ethanol (absolute) (15 mL)Excess to drive equilibrium
-
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (2 mL)Concentrated, catalyst
-
Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)5% for washing
-
Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)Drying agent
المعدات
الإجراء
Add 15 mL ethanol and 10 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.
Slowly add 2 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst. Swirl gently to mix.
Attach the reflux condenser and heat gently at reflux for 45 minutes.
Cool the flask. Pour the contents into a separating funnel with 30 mL water.
Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃ to remove excess acid. Vent the funnel frequently.
Separate the organic layer (top) and dry over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes.
Filter off the drying agent. Carefully smell the product by wafting — note the fruity aroma of ethyl acetate.
Calculate the yield based on the volume collected and the theoretical yield.
النتائج المتوقعة
A clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell characteristic of ethyl acetate. Typical yield is 60-70% due to the equilibrium nature of the reaction.
التنظيف
Dispose of organic waste in the designated container. Neutralize acid waste before disposal. Rinse all glassware with acetone then water.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Organic Synthesis
- الصعوبة
- Advanced (University)
- المدة
- 90 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $20,00
- الخطوات
- 8
- المواد
- 5