إعادة تبلور حمض البنزويك

تنقية مادة صلبة بإذابتها في مذيب ساخن وتبريدها

Crystallization Intermediate (High School) 45 دقيقة ~$10,00

الهدف

تنقية حمض البنزويك الشائب بإعادة تبلوره من الماء الساخن، مما يوضح تقنية التنقية القياسية للمواد الصلبة العضوية.

الخلفية

Recrystallization exploits the difference in solubility of a substance at different temperatures. Benzoic acid is very soluble in hot water but nearly insoluble in cold water. By dissolving impure benzoic acid in hot water and cooling slowly, pure crystals form while impurities remain in solution.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • Handle hot water and hot glassware with care
  • Benzoic acid dust can irritate airways
  • Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles lab_coat

المواد

  • Impure benzoic acid (3 g)
    Mixed with charcoal or sand
  • Distilled water (200 mL)
  • Activated charcoal (0.5 g)
    Optional, for decolorization

المعدات

250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Hot plate Buchner funnel Filter flask Vacuum pump Melting point apparatus Ice bath Watch glass

الإجراء

1

Weigh 3 g of impure benzoic acid and record the mass. Note the appearance (color, particle size).

3 دقيقة
2

Add the impure sample to 100 mL of distilled water in the Erlenmeyer flask. Heat to boiling while stirring.

8 دقيقة Handle hot flask with care
3

If the solution is colored, add 0.5 g activated charcoal, swirl, and filter hot through fluted filter paper.

5 دقيقة
4

Allow the clear filtrate to cool slowly to room temperature. Do not disturb.

15 دقيقة
5

Cool further in an ice bath to maximize crystal yield.

5 دقيقة
6

Collect the crystals by vacuum filtration. Wash with a small amount of ice-cold water.

5 دقيقة
7

Dry the crystals on a watch glass. Weigh and calculate percent recovery.

3 دقيقة
8

Determine the melting point (pure benzoic acid: 122°C) and compare with the impure sample.

5 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

White, needle-like crystals with a sharp melting point at 121-123°C. Typical recovery is 60-80%. The purified crystals should be whiter and have a sharper melting point than the crude material.

التنظيف

Dispose of filtrate down the drain (benzoic acid is food-grade). Rinse glassware. Dispose of charcoal in solid waste.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of إعادة تبلور حمض البنزويك?
تنقية حمض البنزويك الشائب بإعادة تبلوره من الماء الساخن، مما يوضح تقنية التنقية القياسية للمواد الصلبة العضوية.
How difficult is إعادة تبلور حمض البنزويك?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for إعادة تبلور حمض البنزويك?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water and hot glassware with care; Benzoic acid dust can irritate airways; Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks.
What materials are needed for إعادة تبلور حمض البنزويك?
The main materials required are: Impure benzoic acid, Distilled water, Activated charcoal.
What results should I expect from إعادة تبلور حمض البنزويك?
White, needle-like crystals with a sharp melting point at 121-123°C. Typical recovery is 60-80%. The purified crystals should be whiter and have a sharper melting point than the crude material.