زراعة بلورات كبريتات النحاس
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إنتاج بلورات زرقاء كبيرة بالتبخر البطيء
الهدف
زراعة بلورات كبريتات النحاس الخماسي الماء الكبيرة والمتشكلة جيداً باستخدام طريقة التبخر البطيء، مما يوضح التشبع الفائق وتكوين الشبكة البلورية.
الخلفية
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) forms beautiful blue triclinic crystals. By preparing a saturated solution and allowing it to evaporate slowly over several days, large single crystals can be grown. The process demonstrates concepts of solubility, supersaturation, and crystal nucleation.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
- Wear gloves when handling the solution
- Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment
- Do not dispose of copper sulfate down the drain
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (50 g)Blue crystals
-
Distilled water (200 mL)Hot
-
Thread or fishing line (30 cm)For seed crystal
-
Pencil or stick (1)To suspend seed crystal
المعدات
الإجراء
Heat 200 mL of distilled water to 60-70°C. Add copper sulfate gradually while stirring until no more dissolves (saturated solution).
Filter the hot saturated solution through filter paper to remove any undissolved particles.
Pour a small amount into a petri dish and allow it to cool. Select the best small crystal as a seed crystal after 24 hours.
Tie the seed crystal to a thread and suspend it from a pencil placed across the top of the beaker of saturated solution.
Cover the beaker loosely with filter paper to allow slow evaporation. Place in a vibration-free location.
Check daily for crystal growth. Remove any small crystals that form on the thread or beaker walls.
النتائج المتوقعة
After 1-2 weeks, the seed crystal should grow into a large blue crystal (1-3 cm) with well-defined facets. The crystal has a triclinic shape with distinct flat faces. Faster evaporation produces many small crystals; slower produces fewer, larger ones.
التنظيف
Collect excess copper sulfate solution and solid for reuse or proper disposal in heavy metal waste. Do not pour down the drain.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Crystallization
- الصعوبة
- Beginner (Middle School)
- المدة
- 30 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $8,00
- الخطوات
- 6
- المواد
- 4