التشبع الفائق والتبلور الفوري
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إطلاق التبلور الفوري في أسيتات الصوديوم
الهدف
تحضير محلول أسيتات الصوديوم مشبع فائق وإطلاق التبلور الآني، مما يوضح التشبع الفائق غير المستقر والتبلور الطارد للحرارة (الجليد الساخن).
الخلفية
Sodium acetate trihydrate can form extremely supersaturated solutions that remain liquid until disturbed. Adding a single seed crystal or scratching the container wall triggers rapid crystallization throughout the solution, releasing heat (exothermic). The resulting solid resembles ice but is warm to the touch.
تحذيرات السلامة
- The solution gets hot when it crystallizes — handle with care
- Sodium acetate is generally safe but avoid ingestion
- Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot solution
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Sodium acetate trihydrate (100 g)Or make from vinegar + baking soda
-
Distilled water (10 mL)Minimal amount
المعدات
الإجراء
Add 100 g sodium acetate trihydrate and 10 mL water to the beaker. Heat while stirring until all crystals dissolve (about 70°C).
Remove from heat and allow to cool to room temperature undisturbed. Do not shake or add anything.
Once cooled, the solution should remain liquid despite being supersaturated. Measure the temperature.
Drop a single small crystal of sodium acetate into the solution and observe the rapid crystallization wave.
Immediately measure the temperature of the newly formed crystals. Note the temperature increase (exothermic).
The process is reversible — reheat to dissolve and repeat.
النتائج المتوقعة
When triggered, crystallization should sweep through the solution in seconds, forming a solid mass of warm crystals (hence "hot ice"). The temperature typically rises 10-20°C above room temperature. This is the principle behind reusable hand warmers.
التنظيف
Sodium acetate is reusable. Simply reheat to dissolve. Can be disposed down the drain. Rinse equipment.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Crystallization
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 35 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $8,00
- الخطوات
- 6
- المواد
- 2