Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

نظرة عامة

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

المشاركون

الدور المادة المعامل الحالة
متفاعل Nitrogen N 1 (g)
متفاعل Hydrogen H 3 (g)
منتج Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

مثال من الحياة اليومية

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

الأهمية الصناعية

The Haber-Bosch process produces over 150 million tonnes of ammonia annually, essential for fertilizers, explosives, and numerous chemical syntheses. It consumes about 1-2% of global energy production.

الخصائص

النوع
Synthesis
قابل للعكس
نعم
الطاقة
طارد للحرارة
ΔH
-92,4 kJ/mol
Ea
230,0 kJ/mol
محفز
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

مخطط ملف الطاقة

الطاقة تقدم التفاعل ΔH -92,4 kJ Eₐ 230,0 kJ المتفاعلات المنتجات

تفاعل طارد للحرارة — تُطلق الطاقة

التفاعلات ذات الصلة

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.