La Dissolution n'Est Pas Toujours Exothermique

Comparaison des variations de température de différentes dissolutions de sels

Thermochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 25 min ~$8,00

Objectif

Comparer l'enthalpie de dissolution de différents sels (NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃) pour montrer que la dissolution peut être exo- ou endothermique.

Contexte

Students often assume dissolving always releases heat. This experiment tests four salts: NaOH and CaCl₂ dissolve exothermically (temperature rises), while NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ dissolve endothermically (temperature drops). The results illustrate that lattice energy vs hydration energy determines the sign of ΔH.

Avertissements de sécurité

  • NaOH is extremely corrosive
  • NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer
  • Wear goggles and gloves

EPI requis

goggles gloves

Matériaux

  • Sodium hydroxide pellets (10 g)
    Exothermic
  • Calcium chloride (10 g)
    Exothermic
  • Ammonium nitrate (10 g)
    Endothermic
  • Potassium nitrate (10 g)
    Endothermic
  • Distilled water (400 mL)

Équipement

4 polystyrene cups Thermometer Stirring rod Analytical balance

Procédure

1

Add 100 mL water to each of four labeled cups. Record the initial temperature of each.

5 min
2

Add 10 g NaOH to cup 1. Stir and record the maximum temperature.

3 min Very exothermic — NaOH is corrosive
3

Add 10 g CaCl₂ to cup 2. Stir and record the maximum temperature.

3 min
4

Add 10 g NH₄NO₃ to cup 3. Stir and record the minimum temperature.

3 min
5

Add 10 g KNO₃ to cup 4. Stir and record the minimum temperature.

3 min
6

Create a table ranking the salts from most exothermic to most endothermic.

3 min
7

Discuss why some dissolve exothermically and others endothermically (lattice energy vs hydration energy).

5 min

Résultats attendus

NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.

Nettoyage

NaOH and CaCl₂ solutions should be neutralized before disposal. All solutions can be poured down the drain after dilution.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of La Dissolution n'Est Pas Toujours Exothermique?
Comparer l'enthalpie de dissolution de différents sels (NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃) pour montrer que la dissolution peut être exo- ou endothermique.
How difficult is La Dissolution n'Est Pas Toujours Exothermique?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 25 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for La Dissolution n'Est Pas Toujours Exothermique?
Key safety precautions include: NaOH is extremely corrosive; NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer; Wear goggles and gloves.
What materials are needed for La Dissolution n'Est Pas Toujours Exothermique?
The main materials required are: Sodium hydroxide pellets, Calcium chloride, Ammonium nitrate, Potassium nitrate, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from La Dissolution n'Est Pas Toujours Exothermique?
NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.