Chaleur de Combustion du Magnésium
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Détermination de ΔH par la loi de Hess et l'oxyde de magnésium
Objectif
Déterminer indirectement l'enthalpie de combustion du magnésium par la loi de Hess, la mesure directe étant impraticable.
Contexte
The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.
Avertissements de sécurité
- HCl is corrosive
- Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
- Do not perform near open flames
- Wear goggles and gloves
EPI requis
Matériaux
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
-
Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)1M
Équipement
Procédure
Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.
Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.
Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).
Résultats attendus
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.
Nettoyage
Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.
Détails
- Catégorie
- Thermochemistry
- Difficulté
- Advanced (University)
- Durée
- 50 min
- Coût estimé
- $12,00
- Étapes
- 6
- Matériaux
- 3