Capacité Calorifique Spécifique des Métaux

Comparaison des capacités calorifiques de l'aluminium, du cuivre et du fer

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 40 min ~$10,00

Objectif

Déterminer la capacité calorifique spécifique de plusieurs métaux par la méthode des mélanges et comparer avec les valeurs admises.

Contexte

The specific heat capacity of a metal can be determined by heating a known mass of metal to a known temperature, then transferring it to water in a calorimeter and measuring the temperature change. Energy conservation (q_metal = -q_water) allows calculation of the metal's specific heat.

Avertissements de sécurité

  • Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk
  • Use tongs to transfer hot metals
  • Do not touch hot metals with bare hands

EPI requis

goggles lab_coat

Matériaux

  • Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe) (50 g each)
    Cylindrical pieces work best
  • Distilled water (300 mL)
  • Boiling water (500 mL)
    For heating metals

Équipement

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Beaker (600 mL) Hot plate Thermometer (2) Analytical balance Tongs String

Procédure

1

Weigh each metal sample accurately. Record masses.

3 min
2

Place all metals in boiling water for 10 minutes to reach 100°C.

12 min Handle hot water carefully
3

Add 100 mL room-temperature water to the calorimeter. Record initial temperature.

2 min
4

Using tongs, quickly transfer the aluminum sample to the calorimeter. Stir and record max temperature.

5 min Hot metal — use tongs
5

Calculate c(Al) = m(water)×c(water)×ΔT(water) / [m(Al)×ΔT(Al)].

5 min
6

Repeat steps 3-5 for copper and iron.

15 min
7

Compare measured values with accepted: Al=0.897, Cu=0.385, Fe=0.449 J/g°C.

5 min

Résultats attendus

Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.

Nettoyage

Allow metals to cool completely. Dry and store. Pour water down the drain. Clean calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Capacité Calorifique Spécifique des Métaux?
Déterminer la capacité calorifique spécifique de plusieurs métaux par la méthode des mélanges et comparer avec les valeurs admises.
How difficult is Capacité Calorifique Spécifique des Métaux?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Capacité Calorifique Spécifique des Métaux?
Key safety precautions include: Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk; Use tongs to transfer hot metals; Do not touch hot metals with bare hands.
What materials are needed for Capacité Calorifique Spécifique des Métaux?
The main materials required are: Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe), Distilled water, Boiling water.
What results should I expect from Capacité Calorifique Spécifique des Métaux?
Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.