排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング）

酸性雨防止のために発電所排気からSO₂を除去する

Environmental & Water Treatment Global Industrial Scale $20 billion

概要

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) removes sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plant exhaust using limestone or lime slurry scrubbing. The wet limestone process is the most widely deployed FGD technology, removing >95% of SO2 and producing synthetic gypsum as a saleable byproduct. FGD is the primary technology responsible for reducing acid rain in North America and Europe since the 1970s. More than 300 GW of coal-fired power capacity worldwide is equipped with FGD systems.

化学プロセス

Flue gas from the boiler passes through an absorber tower where it contacts a recirculating slurry of crushed limestone (CaCO3) in water. SO2 dissolves in the slurry and reacts with limestone to form calcium sulfite. Forced oxidation with air converts calcium sulfite to gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). The gypsum is dewatered by hydrocyclones and vacuum filters for sale to wallboard manufacturers.

SO2 + H2O -> H2SO3 (absorption)
CaCO3 + H2SO3 -> CaSO3 + CO2 + H2O
CaSO3 + 1/2O2 + 2H2O -> CaSO4.2H2O (forced oxidation to gypsum)

原材料

  • Limestone (CaCO3) — Quarrying (Alkaline sorbent (low cost, widely available))
  • Air (O2) — Atmosphere (for forced oxidation) (Oxidizing agent to form gypsum)
  • Water (H2O) — Plant water supply (Slurry medium)

最終製品

  • Synthetic gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) — Wallboard/drywall manufacturing, cement additive (>95% purity, replaces mined gypsum)
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Environmental Impact

FGD has reduced SO2 emissions from US power plants by over 90% since the 1970 Clean Air Act. Synthetic gypsum production displaces gypsum mining. However, FGD increases water consumption and generates wastewater containing mercury, selenium, and other trace elements. FGD wastewater treatment is now required under EPA regulations.

安全性の考慮事項

最新のイノベーション

Seawater FGD uses natural alkalinity of seawater, eliminating limestone costs in coastal plants.
Dry and semi-dry scrubbing (lime spray dryer absorbers) reduce water consumption.
Multi-pollutant control combining SO2, NOx, and mercury removal in a single system is being developed.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What industry uses 排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング）?
排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング） is used in the environmental & water treatment sector at global industrial scale scale.
What process is involved in 排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング）?
Flue gas from the boiler passes through an absorber tower where it contacts a recirculating slurry of crushed limestone (CaCO3) in water. SO2 dissolves in the slurry and reacts with limestone to form calcium sulfite. Forced oxidation with air converts calcium sulfite to gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). The gyps
What is the economic significance of 排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング）?
排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング） has a market value of $20 billion.
What is the environmental impact of 排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング）?
FGD has reduced SO2 emissions from US power plants by over 90% since the 1970 Clean Air Act. Synthetic gypsum production displaces gypsum mining. However, FGD increases water consumption and generates wastewater containing mercury, selenium, and other trace elements. FGD wastewater treatment is now
What raw materials are used in 排煙脱硫（湿式石灰石スクラビング）?
The main raw materials include: Limestone (CaCO3), Air (O2), Water (H2O).