Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха

Самый универсальный адсорбент в природе

Environmental & Water Treatment Global Industrial Scale $7 billion

Обзор

Activated carbon is produced by thermal or chemical activation of carbonaceous materials (coconut shell, coal, wood) to create an extremely porous material with surface areas of 800-1,500 m2/g. The vast internal surface adsorbs organic contaminants, chlorine, odors, and certain heavy metals from water and air. Activated carbon is used in municipal water treatment, industrial wastewater polishing, air purification, gas masks, gold recovery, and food/beverage decolorization.

Химический процесс

Raw material (coconut shell, bituminous coal, or wood) is carbonized at 600-900 degrees C in an inert atmosphere. The char is then activated by steam or CO2 at 800-1,100 degrees C, which selectively gasifies carbon to create micropores (<2 nm) and mesopores (2-50 nm). Chemical activation uses ZnCl2 or H3PO4 at lower temperatures (400-600 degrees C). The activated carbon is washed, dried, and sized.

C + H2O ->[800-1,100 degrees C] CO + H2 (steam activation, endothermic, creates porosity)
C + CO2 ->[800-1,100 degrees C] 2CO (CO2 activation)
Adsorption is physical (van der Waals) -- not a chemical reaction

Сырьё

  • Coconut shell — Copra industry byproduct (SE Asia, India) (Carbon source (produces microporous AC))
  • Bituminous coal — Coal mining (Carbon source (general purpose AC))
  • Steam (H2O) — Boiler systems (Physical activation agent)

Конечные продукты

  • Granular activated carbon (GAC) — Water treatment filters, air purification (Surface area 800-1,500 m2/g, iodine number 900-1,200)
  • Powdered activated carbon (PAC) — Batch water treatment, decolorization (Particle size <100 mesh)
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Environmental Impact

Activated carbon production from coal consumes non-renewable resources and produces CO2. Coconut shell-based AC is more sustainable. Spent activated carbon from water treatment may contain concentrated contaminants and requires thermal reactivation or proper disposal. Reactivation recovers >90% of adsorption capacity.

Соображения безопасности

Последние инновации

Biochars from agricultural waste (rice husk, corn stover) provide low-cost AC alternatives for developing countries.
Magnetic activated carbon enables easy separation from water.
Activated carbon fiber cloths offer faster kinetics and lower pressure drop than granular AC in air purification.

Масштаб производства

4500000

тонн/год

$7 billion

Рыночная стоимость

Больше в Environmental & Water Treatment

Биоремедиация нефтезагрязнённых почв

Commercial Production

Десульфуризация дымовых газов (мокрый известняковый скруббер)

Global Industrial Scale

Озонирование воды и расширенное окисление

Commercial Production

Опреснение методом обратного осмоса на полимерных мембранах

Global Industrial Scale

Осаждение тяжёлых металлов из промышленных сточных вод

Global Industrial Scale

Умягчение и деионизация воды ионным обменом

Global Industrial Scale

Хлорирование и дезинфекция городской воды

Global Industrial Scale

Frequently Asked Questions

What industry uses Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха?
Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха is used in the environmental & water treatment sector at global industrial scale scale.
What process is involved in Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха?
Raw material (coconut shell, bituminous coal, or wood) is carbonized at 600-900 degrees C in an inert atmosphere. The char is then activated by steam or CO2 at 800-1,100 degrees C, which selectively gasifies carbon to create micropores (<2 nm) and mesopores (2-50 nm). Chemical activation uses ZnCl2
What is the economic significance of Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха?
Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха has a market value of $7 billion and annual production of 4,500,000 tons.
What is the environmental impact of Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха?
Activated carbon production from coal consumes non-renewable resources and produces CO2. Coconut shell-based AC is more sustainable. Spent activated carbon from water treatment may contain concentrated contaminants and requires thermal reactivation or proper disposal. Reactivation recovers >90% of a
What raw materials are used in Адсорбция активированным углём для очистки воды и воздуха?
The main raw materials include: Coconut shell, Bituminous coal, Steam (H2O).