13 Al Aluminum 26,982 u

Aluminum

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Период
3
Группа
13
Блок
p-Блок
Фаза (СТУ)
Solid

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust. It is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and widely used in packaging and transportation.

Внешний вид: Silvery-gray metallic

About Aluminum

The most abundant metal in Earth's crust, aluminum is a silvery post-transition metal of atomic number 13 and atomic mass 26.982. It is light at 2.70 g/cm³ and resistant to corrosion, melting at 933 K. Three valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p1) give an electronegativity of 1.61 and a comparatively low first ionization energy of 578 kJ/mol. Hans Christian Ørsted first produced the metal in 1825. Its combination of low weight and corrosion resistance underlies its wide use in packaging and transportation. Aluminum does not occur free in nature, and it sits in group 13, period 3, below boron.

Физические свойства

Атомная масса 26.982 u
Плотность 2.7 g/cm³
Температура плавления 660.3 °C
Температура кипения 2469.8 °C
Фаза при СТУ Solid
Атомный радиус 118.0 pm

Электронные свойства

Электроотрицательность 1.61
Энергия ионизации 577.5 eV
Сродство к электрону 42.5 eV
Валентные электроны 3

Электронная конфигурация

Конфигурация [Ne] 3s² 3p¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Aluminum electron shell configuration Al 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 3e⁻
Electron shell structure of Aluminum — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 3

Position in Periodic Table

Aluminum position in the periodic table Al

Открытие

Открыт: Hans Christian Oersted
Год: 1825

Блок и период

Блок

s p d f

Период

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Периодическая таблица

Лантаниды Актиниды

Реакции с Al

Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)

2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂

Electrochemical

Aluminum Reacting with Iron(III) Oxide (Thermite)

2Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe

Single Replacement

Aluminum Reacting with Hydrochloric Acid

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Single Replacement

Aluminum Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid

Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl → AlCl₃ + 3H₂O

Double Replacement

Aluminum Reducing Chromium Oxide (Aluminothermic)

2Al + Cr₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Cr

Single Replacement
Показать все 12 реакций →

Compounds Containing Aluminum

Aluminum Oxide

Al₂O₃

Aluminum Hydroxide

Al(OH)₃

Aluminum Chloride

AlCl₃

Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

KAl(SO₄)₂

Lithium Aluminum Hydride

LiAlH₄

Potassium Feldspar

KAlSi₃O₈

Kaolinite

Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Aluminum Nitride

AlN

Sodium Aluminate

NaAlO₂

Zeolite A

Na₁₂Al₁₂Si₁₂O₄₈

Calcium Aluminate Cement

CaO·Al₂O₃

Больше Постпереходный металл

31 Ga Gallium 49 In Indium 50 Sn Tin 81 Tl Thallium 82 Pb Lead 83 Bi Bismuth 84 Po Polonium

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Aluminum?
Aluminum (Al) is a chemical element with atomic number 13. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a постпереходный металл.
What are the key properties of Aluminum?
Aluminum has an atomic mass of 26.982 u, density of 2.7 g/cm³, melting point of 660.3°C, boiling point of 2469.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Aluminum?
The electron configuration of Aluminum is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Aluminum?
Aluminum was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825.
What is the electronegativity of Aluminum?
Aluminum has an electronegativity of 1.61 on the Pauling scale.