32 Ge Germanium 72,63 u

Germanium

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Период
4
Группа
14
Блок
p-Блок
Фаза (СТУ)
Solid

Germanium is a metalloid used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and electronics. It was one of the elements predicted by Mendeleev before its discovery.

Внешний вид: Grayish-white, lustrous, hard

About Germanium

A grayish-white, lustrous metalloid, germanium bridges the properties of metals and nonmetals and carries atomic number 32 with an atomic mass of 72.63. It is hard and brittle, with a density of 5.32 g/cm³ and a melting point of 1211 K. Four valence electrons ([Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2) give an electronegativity of 2.01 and a first ionization energy of 762 kJ/mol. Clemens Winkler discovered the element in 1886, one of those whose existence Mendeleev had predicted from gaps in the periodic table. Germanium is used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and electronics. It belongs to group 14, period 4.

Физические свойства

Атомная масса 72.63 u
Плотность 5.323 g/cm³
Температура плавления 938.3 °C
Температура кипения 2832.8 °C
Фаза при СТУ Solid
Атомный радиус 125.0 pm

Электронные свойства

Электроотрицательность 2.01
Энергия ионизации 762.0 eV
Сродство к электрону 119.0 eV
Валентные электроны 4

Электронная конфигурация

Конфигурация [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

Electron Shell Configuration

Germanium electron shell configuration Ge 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 4e⁻
Electron shell structure of Germanium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 4

Position in Periodic Table

Germanium position in the periodic table Ge

Открытие

Открыт: Clemens Winkler
Год: 1886

Блок и период

Блок

s p d f

Период

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Периодическая таблица

Лантаниды Актиниды

Compounds Containing Germanium

Germanium Dioxide

GeO₂

Больше Металлоид

5 B Boron 14 Si Silicon 33 As Arsenic 51 Sb Antimony 52 Te Tellurium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Germanium?
Germanium (Ge) is a chemical element with atomic number 32. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a металлоид.
What are the key properties of Germanium?
Germanium has an atomic mass of 72.63 u, density of 5.323 g/cm³, melting point of 938.3°C, boiling point of 2832.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Germanium?
The electron configuration of Germanium is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Germanium?
Germanium was discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886.
What is the electronegativity of Germanium?
Germanium has an electronegativity of 2.01 on the Pauling scale.