Nitration of Benzene
C6H6 + HNO3 → C6H5NO2 + H2O
Обзор
Benzene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid to form nitrobenzene. The active electrophile is the nitronium ion (NO₂⁺) generated by protonation of HNO₃. The reaction temperature must be carefully controlled to avoid dinitration.
Участники
| Роль | Вещество | Коэффициент | Состояние |
|---|---|---|---|
| Реагент | Benzene C₆H₆ | 1 | (l) |
| Реагент | Nitric Acid HNO₃ | 1 | (aq) |
| Продукт | Water H₂O | 1 | (l) |
Пример из жизни
Nitrobenzene has a bitter almond odor and was once used in shoe polish and floor wax. TNT is made by trinitration of toluene.
Промышленное значение
Nitrobenzene is produced at over 5 million tonnes annually, almost entirely for reduction to aniline, the precursor to polyurethanes and dyes.
Свойства
- Тип
- Organic
- Обратимая
- Нет
- Энергия
- Экзотермическая
- ΔH
- -117,0 kJ/mol
- Катализатор
- H₂SO₄ (generates NO₂⁺)
Связанные реакции
Swern Oxidation
Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate)
Kolbe Electrolysis
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime)
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene
Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6)
Cope Rearrangement
Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Nitration of Benzene?
The balanced equation is: C₆H₆ + HNO₃ → C₆H₅NO₂ + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Nitration of Benzene?
Nitration of Benzene is a organic reaction.
Is Nitration of Benzene exothermic or endothermic?
Nitration of Benzene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -117.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Nitration of Benzene?
This reaction requires a catalyst (H₂SO₄ (generates NO₂⁺)).