Saponification (Fat + NaOH)
fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)
Обзор
Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.
Участники
| Роль | Вещество | Коэффициент | Состояние |
|---|---|---|---|
| Реагент | Sodium Hydroxide NaOH | 3 | (aq) |
| Продукт | Glycerol C₃H₈O₃ | 1 | (l) |
Пример из жизни
Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.
Промышленное значение
The global soap industry produces over 25 million tonnes annually. Glycerol byproduct is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing.
Свойства
- Тип
- Organic
- Обратимая
- Нет
- Энергия
- Экзотермическая
- ΔH
- -25,0 kJ/mol
Связанные реакции
Swern Oxidation
Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate)
Kolbe Electrolysis
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime)
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene
Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6)
Cope Rearrangement
Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.
Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.