31 Ga 갈륨 69.723 u

갈륨

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주기
4
족
13
블록
p-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

갈륨은 실온보다 조금 높은 온도에서 녹는 무른 금속이다. 반도체, LED, 태양전지에 쓰인다.

외관: 은빛 파란색

갈륨 개요

Soft enough to melt in a warm hand, gallium is a silvery-blue metal that liquefies just above room temperature, at about 303 K. It has atomic number 31 and an atomic mass of 69.723, with a density of 5.91 g/cm³ and a boiling point far higher, near 2673 K. Three valence electrons ([Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1) give an electronegativity of 1.81 and a first ionization energy of 579 kJ/mol. Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered the element in 1875. Gallium is used in semiconductors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells, and it is classed as a post-transition metal in group 13, period 4.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 69.723 u
밀도 5.91 g/cm³
녹는점 29.8 °C
끓는점 2399.8 °C
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid
원자 반지름 136.0 pm

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 1.81
이온화 에너지 578.8 eV
전자 친화도 28.9 eV
원자가 전자 3

전자 배치

배치 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

전자껍질 배치

갈륨의 전자껍질 배치 Ga 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 3e⁻
갈륨의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 3

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 갈륨의 위치 Ga

발견

발견자: Lecoq de Boisbaudran
연도: 1875

블록 & 주기

블록

s p d f

주기

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

주기율표

란타넘족 악티늄족

갈륨을(를) 포함하는 화합물

비소화 갈륨

GaAs

산화갈륨(III)

Ga₂O₃

더 많은 전이후 금속

13 Al 알루미늄 49 In 인듐 50 Sn 주석 81 Tl 탈륨 82 Pb 납 83 Bi 비스무트 84 Po 폴로늄

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 갈륨?
갈륨 (Ga) is a chemical element with atomic number 31. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 전이후 금속.
What are the key properties of 갈륨?
갈륨 has an atomic mass of 69.723 u, density of 5.91 g/cm³, melting point of 29.8°C, boiling point of 2399.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of 갈륨?
The electron configuration of 갈륨 is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered 갈륨?
갈륨 was discovered by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.
What is the electronegativity of 갈륨?
갈륨 has an electronegativity of 1.81 on the Pauling scale.