A Dissolução Nem Sempre É Exotérmica
Embed This Widget
Add the script tag and a data attribute to embed this widget.
Embed via iframe for maximum compatibility.
<iframe src="https://chemfyi.com/iframe/entity//" width="420" height="400" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:10px;max-width:100%" loading="lazy"></iframe>
Paste this URL in WordPress, Medium, or any oEmbed-compatible platform.
https://chemfyi.com/entity//
Add a dynamic SVG badge to your README or docs.
[](https://chemfyi.com/entity//)
Use the native HTML custom element.
Comparação de variações de temperatura de diferentes dissoluções de sais
Objetivo
Comparar a entalpia de dissolução de diferentes sais (NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃) para mostrar que a dissolução pode ser exotérmica ou endotérmica.
Contexto
Students often assume dissolving always releases heat. This experiment tests four salts: NaOH and CaCl₂ dissolve exothermically (temperature rises), while NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ dissolve endothermically (temperature drops). The results illustrate that lattice energy vs hydration energy determines the sign of ΔH.
Avisos de segurança
- NaOH is extremely corrosive
- NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer
- Wear goggles and gloves
EPI necessário
Materiais
-
Sodium hydroxide pellets (10 g)Exothermic
-
Calcium chloride (10 g)Exothermic
-
Ammonium nitrate (10 g)Endothermic
-
Potassium nitrate (10 g)Endothermic
-
Distilled water (400 mL)
Equipamentos
Procedimento
Add 100 mL water to each of four labeled cups. Record the initial temperature of each.
Add 10 g NaOH to cup 1. Stir and record the maximum temperature.
Add 10 g CaCl₂ to cup 2. Stir and record the maximum temperature.
Add 10 g NH₄NO₃ to cup 3. Stir and record the minimum temperature.
Add 10 g KNO₃ to cup 4. Stir and record the minimum temperature.
Create a table ranking the salts from most exothermic to most endothermic.
Discuss why some dissolve exothermically and others endothermically (lattice energy vs hydration energy).
Resultados esperados
NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.
Limpeza
NaOH and CaCl₂ solutions should be neutralized before disposal. All solutions can be poured down the drain after dilution.
Detalhes
- Categoria
- Thermochemistry
- Dificuldade
- Beginner (Middle School)
- Duração
- 25 min
- Custo estimado
- $8,00
- Passos
- 7
- Materiais
- 5