Química das Bolsas de Frio

Estudo da dissolução endotérmica do nitrato de amônio

Thermochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 20 min ~$6,00

Objetivo

Medir a variação de temperatura quando o nitrato de amônio se dissolve em água, demonstrando um processo de dissolução endotérmico usado em bolsas de frio instantâneas.

Contexto

Ammonium nitrate dissolves endothermically in water, absorbing heat from the surroundings and causing a significant temperature drop. This principle is used in commercial instant cold packs for first aid. The dissolution has ΔH = +25.7 kJ/mol.

Avisos de segurança

  • Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer — keep away from organic materials and heat
  • Do not mix with anything other than water for this experiment
  • Wear goggles

EPI necessário

goggles

Materiais

  • Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (30 g)
    Or from a commercial cold pack
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    Room temperature

Equipamentos

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Thermometer Stirring rod Analytical balance

Procedimento

1

Add 100 mL of distilled water to the polystyrene cup calorimeter. Record the initial temperature.

3 min
2

Weigh 30 g of ammonium nitrate.

2 min Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer
3

Add the ammonium nitrate to the water. Stir gently to dissolve.

3 min
4

Record the temperature every 30 seconds as it drops. Note the minimum temperature.

5 min
5

Feel the outside of the cup — it should feel cold.

1 min
6

Calculate ΔH of dissolution per mole: q = mcΔT, n = mass/M(NH₄NO₃), ΔH = q/n.

5 min

Resultados esperados

Temperature should drop 15-20°C. 30 g NH₄NO₃ = 0.375 mol. q = 100 × 4.18 × ΔT. Calculated ΔH should be approximately +25 kJ/mol (±15%).

Limpeza

The ammonium nitrate solution is safe to dispose down the drain (dilute). Rinse the calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Química das Bolsas de Frio?
Medir a variação de temperatura quando o nitrato de amônio se dissolve em água, demonstrando um processo de dissolução endotérmico usado em bolsas de frio instantâneas.
How difficult is Química das Bolsas de Frio?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Química das Bolsas de Frio?
Key safety precautions include: Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer — keep away from organic materials and heat; Do not mix with anything other than water for this experiment; Wear goggles.
What materials are needed for Química das Bolsas de Frio?
The main materials required are: Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Química das Bolsas de Frio?
Temperature should drop 15-20°C. 30 g NH₄NO₃ = 0.375 mol. q = 100 × 4.18 × ΔT. Calculated ΔH should be approximately +25 kJ/mol (±15%).