Química das Bolsas de Frio
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Estudo da dissolução endotérmica do nitrato de amônio
Objetivo
Medir a variação de temperatura quando o nitrato de amônio se dissolve em água, demonstrando um processo de dissolução endotérmico usado em bolsas de frio instantâneas.
Contexto
Ammonium nitrate dissolves endothermically in water, absorbing heat from the surroundings and causing a significant temperature drop. This principle is used in commercial instant cold packs for first aid. The dissolution has ΔH = +25.7 kJ/mol.
Avisos de segurança
- Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer — keep away from organic materials and heat
- Do not mix with anything other than water for this experiment
- Wear goggles
EPI necessário
Materiais
-
Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (30 g)Or from a commercial cold pack
-
Distilled water (100 mL)Room temperature
Equipamentos
Procedimento
Add 100 mL of distilled water to the polystyrene cup calorimeter. Record the initial temperature.
Weigh 30 g of ammonium nitrate.
Add the ammonium nitrate to the water. Stir gently to dissolve.
Record the temperature every 30 seconds as it drops. Note the minimum temperature.
Feel the outside of the cup — it should feel cold.
Calculate ΔH of dissolution per mole: q = mcΔT, n = mass/M(NH₄NO₃), ΔH = q/n.
Resultados esperados
Temperature should drop 15-20°C. 30 g NH₄NO₃ = 0.375 mol. q = 100 × 4.18 × ΔT. Calculated ΔH should be approximately +25 kJ/mol (±15%).
Limpeza
The ammonium nitrate solution is safe to dispose down the drain (dilute). Rinse the calorimeter.
Detalhes
- Categoria
- Thermochemistry
- Dificuldade
- Beginner (Middle School)
- Duração
- 20 min
- Custo estimado
- $6,00
- Passos
- 6
- Materiais
- 2