Calor de Combustão do Magnésio

Determinação de ΔH usando a lei de Hess e óxido de magnésio

Thermochemistry Advanced (University) 50 min ~$12,00

Objetivo

Determinar a entalpia de combustão do magnésio indiretamente usando a lei de Hess, pois a medição direta é impraticável.

Contexto

The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.

Avisos de segurança

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
  • Do not perform near open flames
  • Wear goggles and gloves

EPI necessário

goggles gloves lab_coat

Materiais

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
  • Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)
    1M

Equipamentos

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Thermometer Analytical balance Graduated cylinder Lid

Procedimento

1

Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.

8 min H₂ produced — no flames
2

Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.

5 min
3

Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.

8 min
4

Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.

5 min
5

Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.

5 min
6

Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).

5 min

Resultados esperados

ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.

Limpeza

Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Calor de Combustão do Magnésio?
Determinar a entalpia de combustão do magnésio indiretamente usando a lei de Hess, pois a medição direta é impraticável.
How difficult is Calor de Combustão do Magnésio?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 50 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Calor de Combustão do Magnésio?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas; Do not perform near open flames.
What materials are needed for Calor de Combustão do Magnésio?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Magnesium oxide (MgO), Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What results should I expect from Calor de Combustão do Magnésio?
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.