32 Ge 저마늄 72.63 u

저마늄

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주기
4
14
블록
p-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

저마늄은 광섬유, 적외선 광학, 전자공학에 쓰이는 준금속이다. 멘델레예프가 발견 전에 예측한 원소 가운데 하나이다.

외관: 단단하고 광택 있는 회백색

저마늄 개요

A grayish-white, lustrous metalloid, germanium bridges the properties of metals and nonmetals and carries atomic number 32 with an atomic mass of 72.63. It is hard and brittle, with a density of 5.32 g/cm³ and a melting point of 1211 K. Four valence electrons ([Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2) give an electronegativity of 2.01 and a first ionization energy of 762 kJ/mol. Clemens Winkler discovered the element in 1886, one of those whose existence Mendeleev had predicted from gaps in the periodic table. Germanium is used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and electronics. It belongs to group 14, period 4.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 72.63 u
밀도 5.323 g/cm³
녹는점 938.3 °C
끓는점 2832.8 °C
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid
원자 반지름 125.0 pm

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 2.01
이온화 에너지 762.0 eV
전자 친화도 119.0 eV
원자가 전자 4

전자 배치

배치 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

전자껍질 배치

저마늄의 전자껍질 배치 Ge 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 4e⁻
저마늄의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 4

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 저마늄의 위치 Ge

발견

발견자: Clemens Winkler
연도: 1886

저마늄을(를) 포함하는 화합물

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 저마늄?
저마늄 (Ge) is a chemical element with atomic number 32. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 준금속.
What are the key properties of 저마늄?
저마늄 has an atomic mass of 72.63 u, density of 5.323 g/cm³, melting point of 938.3°C, boiling point of 2832.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of 저마늄?
The electron configuration of 저마늄 is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered 저마늄?
저마늄 was discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886.
What is the electronegativity of 저마늄?
저마늄 has an electronegativity of 2.01 on the Pauling scale.