Бурный тест на ионы металлов

Идентификация переходных металлов по цветным стеклянным бусинам, полученным при бурном сплавлении

Qualitative Analysis Intermediate (High School) 45 мин ~$8,00

Цель

Идентифицировать ионы переходных металлов по характерным цветам, которые они придают при сплавлении с буровым (тетраборат натрия) стекловидным шариком.

Предпосылки

The borax bead test is an elegant method for identifying transition metal ions. When borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) is heated, it loses water and forms a clear glassy bead of sodium metaborate. When a metal salt is dissolved into this bead, the metal ions become trapped in the glass matrix, producing characteristic colors. The color often differs between the oxidizing flame (outer cone) and reducing flame (inner cone), providing additional diagnostic information.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Molten borax beads are extremely hot
  • Chromium compounds are irritants — avoid dust inhalation
  • Do not touch hot beads — let cool on a watch glass
  • Cobalt compounds are toxic if ingested

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) (5 g)
    Powdered
  • Metal salt samples (0.5 g each)
    CuSO₄, CoCl₂, NiCl₂, FeCl₃, MnCl₂, Cr₂O₃
  • Unknown metal salt (0.5 g)

Оборудование

Platinum wire loop (or nichrome alternative) Bunsen burner Forceps Watch glasses (7)

Процедура

1

Make a small loop at the end of the platinum wire. Heat the loop in the hottest part of the flame until red-hot.

2 мин Wire is very hot
2

Dip the hot wire into powdered borax. Return to the flame and heat until a clear, transparent glass bead forms. Repeat dipping and heating if needed to build up the bead.

5 мин
3

Touch the hot bead to a tiny amount of CuSO₄ powder. Return to the oxidizing flame (outer cone). Observe the color (should be blue-green).

5 мин
4

Now heat the same bead in the reducing flame (inner cone, blue). The color may change to red (metallic copper).

3 мин
5

Make fresh beads and repeat for each metal salt. Record colors in both oxidizing and reducing flames, both hot and cold.

20 мин
6

Test the unknown salt and match the bead colors to your reference chart.

10 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

Cu: blue-green (oxidizing), red (reducing). Co: deep blue (both). Ni: gray-brown (oxidizing), gray (reducing). Fe: yellow-brown (oxidizing), green (reducing). Mn: violet (oxidizing), colorless (reducing). Cr: green (both, darker in reducing).

Уборка

Allow all beads to cool completely. Dispose of transition metal waste appropriately. Clean the platinum wire by fusing with fresh borax until clear.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Бурный тест на ионы металлов?
Идентифицировать ионы переходных металлов по характерным цветам, которые они придают при сплавлении с буровым (тетраборат натрия) стекловидным шариком.
How difficult is Бурный тест на ионы металлов?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Бурный тест на ионы металлов?
Key safety precautions include: Molten borax beads are extremely hot; Chromium compounds are irritants — avoid dust inhalation; Do not touch hot beads — let cool on a watch glass.
What materials are needed for Бурный тест на ионы металлов?
The main materials required are: Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O), Metal salt samples, Unknown metal salt.
What results should I expect from Бурный тест на ионы металлов?
Cu: blue-green (oxidizing), red (reducing). Co: deep blue (both). Ni: gray-brown (oxidizing), gray (reducing). Fe: yellow-brown (oxidizing), green (reducing). Mn: violet (oxidizing), colorless (reducing). Cr: green (both, darker in reducing).