Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)

CaCl₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄↓ + 2NaCl

Обзор

Calcium chloride reacts with sodium oxalate to form a white precipitate of calcium oxalate (Ksp = 2.3 × 10⁻⁹). Calcium oxalate is the primary component of approximately 80% of kidney stones. The monohydrate form (whewellite) is thermodynamically favored and forms the hardest, most painful stones.

Участники

Роль	Вещество	Коэффициент	Состояние
Реагент	Oxalic Acid C₂H₂O₄	1	(aq)
Продукт	Sodium Chloride NaCl	2	(aq)

Пример из жизни

Most kidney stones are calcium oxalate crystals. Foods high in oxalate (spinach, rhubarb, almonds) can increase stone risk.

Промышленное значение

Understanding calcium oxalate precipitation is critical in nephrology, food science (oxalate content analysis), and in beer brewing (beer stone prevention).

Свойства

Тип: Precipitation
Обратимая: Нет
Энергия: Экзотермическая
ΔH: -12,0 kJ/mol

Связанные реакции

Aluminum Hydroxide Precipitation Barium Carbonate Precipitation Barium Sulfate Precipitation Cadmium Sulfide Precipitation (Yellow) Calcium Fluoride Precipitation (Fluorite) Calcium Phosphate Precipitation (Bone Mineral) Chromium(III) Hydroxide Precipitation Lead Carbonate Precipitation Lead Chloride Precipitation Iron(III) Hydroxide Precipitation

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)?

The balanced equation is: CaCl₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄↓ + 2NaCl.

What type of reaction is Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)?

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) is a precipitation reaction.

Is Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) exothermic or endothermic?

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -12.0 kJ/mol.