Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Обзор

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

Участники

Роль Вещество Коэффициент Состояние
Реагент Nitrogen N 1 (g)
Реагент Hydrogen H 3 (g)
Продукт Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

Пример из жизни

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

Промышленное значение

The Haber-Bosch process produces over 150 million tonnes of ammonia annually, essential for fertilizers, explosives, and numerous chemical syntheses. It consumes about 1-2% of global energy production.

Свойства

Тип
Synthesis
Обратимая
Да
Энергия
Экзотермическая
ΔH
-92,4 kJ/mol
Ea
230,0 kJ/mol
Катализатор
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

Диаграмма энергетического профиля

Энергия Ход реакции ΔH -92,4 kJ Eₐ 230,0 kJ Реагенты Продукты

Экзотермическая реакция — Энергия выделяется

Связанные реакции

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.