Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

概述

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

参与者

角色 物质 系数 状态
反应物 Nitrogen N 1 (g)
反应物 Hydrogen H 3 (g)
产物 Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

日常示例

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

工业重要性

哈伯-博施法生产的合成氨是现代农业氮肥的基础，支撑着全球约一半人口的粮食供应。全球年产氨约2亿吨，是产量最大的化工产品之一。

属性

类型
Synthesis
可逆
是
能量
放热
ΔH
-92.4 kJ/mol
Ea
230.0 kJ/mol
催化剂
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

能量剖面图

能量 反应进程 ΔH -92.4 kJ Eₐ 230.0 kJ 反应物 产物

放热反应 — 能量释放

相关反应

Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Formation of Sulfur Dioxide Formation of Hydrogen Sulfide Formation of Carbon Monoxide

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.