7 N Nitrogen 14.007 u

Nitrogen

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周期
2
族
15
区块
p-区块
相态 (STP)
Gas

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It is essential for life as a component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA.

外观: 无色气体

About Nitrogen

Making up roughly 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the air yet chemically retiring under ordinary conditions. This nonmetal of atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.007 is a colorless gas that liquefies at 77 K. Five valence electrons ([He] 2s2 2p3) give it a high electronegativity of 3.04 and a first ionization energy of 1402 kJ/mol, and the strong triple bond of the N₂ molecule accounts for its inertness. Daniel Rutherford described the gas in 1772. Despite that stability, nitrogen is indispensable to life as a component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA. It belongs to group 15, period 2.

物理属性

原子质量 14.007 u
密度 0.0012506 g/cm³
熔点 -210.0 °C
沸点 -195.8 °C
STP相态 Gas
原子半径 75.0 pm

电子属性

电负性 3.04
电离能 1402.3 eV
电子亲和能 -7.0 eV
价电子 5

电子构型

构型 [He] 2s² 2p³

Electron Shell Configuration

Nitrogen electron shell configuration N 2e⁻ 5e⁻
Electron shell structure of Nitrogen — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 5

Position in Periodic Table

Nitrogen position in the periodic table N

发现

发现者: Daniel Rutherford
年份: 1772

区块与周期

区块

s p d f

周期

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

元素周期表

镧系元素 锕系元素

含N的反应

Boron Trifluoride and Ammonia (Lewis Acid-Base)

BF₃ + NH₃ → BF₃·NH₃

Acid-Base

Beta Decay of Carbon-14

¹⁴C → ¹⁴N + e⁻ + ν̄ₑ

Nuclear

Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid

NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

Acid-Base

Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold

Au + 3HCl + HNO₃ → HAuCl₄ + NO + 2H₂O

Redox

Decomposition of Sodium Azide (Airbag Reaction)

2NaN₃ → 2Na + 3N₂

Decomposition
查看全部47个反应 →

Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Alanine

C₃H₇NO₂

Ammonium Chloride

NH₄Cl

Asparagine

C₄H₈N₂O₃

Dopamine

C₈H₁₁NO₂

Ammonium Sulfate

(NH₄)₂SO₄

Cyanoacrylate

C₅H₅NO₂

Adenine

C₅H₅N₅

Adenosine Triphosphate

C₁₀H₁₆N₅O₁₃P₃

Aluminum Nitride

AlN

Ammonia

NH₃

Ammonium Persulfate

(NH₄)₂S₂O₈

Caffeine

C₈H₁₀N₄O₂

更多非金属

1 H Hydrogen 6 C Carbon 8 O Oxygen 15 P Phosphorus 16 S Sulfur 34 Se Selenium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Nitrogen?
Nitrogen (N) is a chemical element with atomic number 7. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 非金属.
What are the key properties of Nitrogen?
Nitrogen has an atomic mass of 14.007 u, density of 0.0012506 g/cm³, melting point of -210.0°C, boiling point of -195.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Nitrogen?
The electron configuration of Nitrogen is [He] 2s2 2p3. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Nitrogen?
Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772.
What is the electronegativity of Nitrogen?
Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.04 on the Pauling scale.