15 P Phosphorus 30.974 u

Phosphorus

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周期
3
族
15
区块
p-区块
相态 (STP)
Solid

Phosphorus is essential for life, found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. It exists in several allotropic forms including white and red phosphorus.

外观: 白色或红色固体

About Phosphorus

Discovered by the alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669, phosphorus was among the first elements isolated in the modern era. It is a reactive nonmetal of atomic number 15 and atomic mass 30.974, appearing most familiarly as a waxy white solid that melts at 317 K. Five valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p3) give an electronegativity of 2.19 and a first ionization energy of 1012 kJ/mol. The element exists in several allotropic forms, including white and red phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential to life, forming part of DNA, RNA, and the energy carrier ATP. It sits in group 15, period 3, below nitrogen.

物理属性

原子质量 30.974 u
密度 1.82 g/cm³
熔点 44.2 °C
沸点 280.6 °C
STP相态 Solid
原子半径 98.0 pm

电子属性

电负性 2.19
电离能 1011.8 eV
电子亲和能 72.0 eV
价电子 5

电子构型

构型 [Ne] 3s² 3p³

Electron Shell Configuration

Phosphorus electron shell configuration P 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 5e⁻
Electron shell structure of Phosphorus — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 5

Position in Periodic Table

Phosphorus position in the periodic table P

发现

发现者: Hennig Brand
年份: 1669

区块与周期

区块

s p d f

周期

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

元素周期表

镧系元素 锕系元素

含P的反应

Formation of Phosphorus Pentoxide

P₄ + 5O₂ → P₄O₁₀

Synthesis

Sodium Hydroxide and Phosphoric Acid

3NaOH + H₃PO₄ → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

Double Replacement

Phosphoric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide (First Neutralization)

H₃PO₄ + NaOH → NaH₂PO₄ + H₂O

Acid-Base

Phosphoric Acid Complete Neutralization

H₃PO₄ + 3NaOH → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

Acid-Base

Phosphoric Acid Second Neutralization

H₃PO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂HPO₄ + 2H₂O

Acid-Base
查看全部6个反应 →

Compounds Containing Phosphorus

Phosphoric Acid

H₃PO₄

Phosphine

PH₃

Diammonium Phosphate

(NH₄)₂HPO₄

Sodium Phosphate Tribasic

Na₃PO₄

Potassium Phosphate Dibasic

K₂HPO₄

Phosphorus Trichloride

PCl₃

Sodium Hexametaphosphate

(NaPO₃)₆

Calcium Phosphate

Ca₃(PO₄)₂

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂

Coenzyme A

C₂₁H₃₆N₇O₁₆P₃S

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

C₂₇H₃₃N₉O₁₅P₂

Glyphosate

C₃H₈NO₅P

更多非金属

1 H Hydrogen 6 C Carbon 7 N Nitrogen 8 O Oxygen 16 S Sulfur 34 Se Selenium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Phosphorus?
Phosphorus (P) is a chemical element with atomic number 15. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 非金属.
What are the key properties of Phosphorus?
Phosphorus has an atomic mass of 30.974 u, density of 1.82 g/cm³, melting point of 44.2°C, boiling point of 280.6°C.
What is the electron configuration of Phosphorus?
The electron configuration of Phosphorus is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Phosphorus?
Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669.
What is the electronegativity of Phosphorus?
Phosphorus has an electronegativity of 2.19 on the Pauling scale.