قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم
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حساب الحجم المولي بتفاعل Mg مع HCl
الهدف
تحديد الحجم المولي لغاز الهيدروجين في ظروف الغرفة بتفاعل كتلة معروفة من شريط المغنيسيوم مع حمض الهيدروكلوريك الزائد.
الخلفية
When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).
تحذيرات السلامة
- HCl is corrosive
- Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
- Handle glassware carefully
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)Accurately weighed
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)2M, excess
-
Distilled water (500 mL)
المعدات
الإجراء
Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.
Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.
Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.
Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.
Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.
Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.
النتائج المتوقعة
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).
التنظيف
Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Gas Laws
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 40 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $8,00
- الخطوات
- 7
- المواد
- 3