قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم

حساب الحجم المولي بتفاعل Mg مع HCl

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 40 دقيقة ~$8,00

الهدف

تحديد الحجم المولي لغاز الهيدروجين في ظروف الغرفة بتفاعل كتلة معروفة من شريط المغنيسيوم مع حمض الهيدروكلوريك الزائد.

الخلفية

When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).

تحذيرات السلامة

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
  • Handle glassware carefully

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)
    Accurately weighed
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)
    2M, excess
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

المعدات

Eudiometer tube or graduated cylinder (50 mL) Pneumatic trough Copper wire cage Rubber stopper Analytical balance Thermometer Barometer

الإجراء

1

Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.

3 دقيقة
2

Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.

3 دقيقة
3

Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.

5 دقيقة Handle acid carefully
4

Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.

10 دقيقة No flames nearby
5

Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.

3 دقيقة
6

Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

2 دقيقة
7

Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.

8 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).

التنظيف

Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم?
تحديد الحجم المولي لغاز الهيدروجين في ظروف الغرفة بتفاعل كتلة معروفة من شريط المغنيسيوم مع حمض الهيدروكلوريك الزائد.
How difficult is قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Hydrogen is flammable — no flames; Handle glassware carefully.
What materials are needed for قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from قياس حجم غاز مع المغنيسيوم?
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).