الحجم المولي للغاز عند الظروف القياسية

تحديد 22.4 لتر/مول تجريبياً باستخدام البيوتان

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 دقيقة ~$6,00

الهدف

تحديد الحجم المولي لغاز البيوتان عند الظروف القياسية بقياس كتلة وحجم الغاز المنبعث من ولاعة.

الخلفية

A butane lighter releases pure C₄H₁₀ gas. By weighing the lighter before and after releasing gas into a water-displacement collection system, and measuring the volume collected, the molar volume can be calculated and compared to the theoretical 22.4 L/mol at STP.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment
  • Ensure adequate ventilation
  • Do not inhale butane

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles

المواد

  • Butane lighter (1)
    Disposable, transparent preferred
  • Distilled water (1 L)
  • Ice (as needed)
    Optional, for STP correction

المعدات

Pneumatic trough or large container Graduated cylinder (500 mL or 1 L) Analytical balance (0.01 g) Thermometer Barometer Rubber tubing

الإجراء

1

Weigh the butane lighter on the analytical balance. Record the mass to 0.01 g.

2 دقيقة
2

Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it in the pneumatic trough.

3 دقيقة
3

Connect rubber tubing to the lighter nozzle. Submerge the other end under the graduated cylinder.

3 دقيقة No flames nearby
4

Release butane slowly into the inverted cylinder, collecting 200-400 mL of gas.

5 دقيقة Butane is flammable
5

Record the volume of gas collected. Equalize water levels first.

2 دقيقة
6

Reweigh the lighter. The mass difference is the mass of butane released.

2 دقيقة
7

Record temperature and pressure. Calculate moles of butane (M=58.12 g/mol). Correct volume to STP using combined gas law.

8 دقيقة
8

Calculate molar volume = V(STP)/n. Compare with theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

5 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

التنظيف

Ensure no butane remains in the room — ventilate well. Drain water apparatus. Store lighter safely.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of الحجم المولي للغاز عند الظروف القياسية?
تحديد الحجم المولي لغاز البيوتان عند الظروف القياسية بقياس كتلة وحجم الغاز المنبعث من ولاعة.
How difficult is الحجم المولي للغاز عند الظروف القياسية?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for الحجم المولي للغاز عند الظروف القياسية?
Key safety precautions include: Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment; Ensure adequate ventilation; Do not inhale butane.
What materials are needed for الحجم المولي للغاز عند الظروف القياسية?
The main materials required are: Butane lighter, Distilled water, Ice.
What results should I expect from الحجم المولي للغاز عند الظروف القياسية?
0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.