ضغط البخار ونقطة الغليان

قياس كيفية تغير ضغط البخار مع درجة الحرارة

Gas Laws Advanced (University) 45 دقيقة ~$12,00

الهدف

قياس ضغط البخار للماء عند درجات حرارة مختلفة والتحقق من معادلة كلوسيوس-كلابيرون.

الخلفية

The vapor pressure of a liquid increases exponentially with temperature. By measuring the temperature at which water boils under different reduced pressures (or measuring vapor pressure at different temperatures), the enthalpy of vaporization can be determined from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • Handle vacuum apparatus carefully — implosion risk with glass
  • Hot water can cause burns
  • Use proper vacuum-rated glassware only

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles lab_coat

المواد

  • Distilled water (200 mL)
  • Ice (500 g)
    For cold water bath

المعدات

Round-bottom flask (500 mL) Vacuum pump or syringe Pressure gauge or manometer Thermometer Hot plate Rubber tubing Graph paper

الإجراء

1

Set up the flask with water, thermometer, and pressure gauge. Connect to the vacuum pump.

5 دقيقة Use vacuum-rated glassware only
2

Heat the water to 80°C. Record the temperature and vapor pressure.

5 دقيقة
3

Reduce pressure with the vacuum pump. Note the temperature at which boiling begins.

5 دقيقة
4

Record at least 8 temperature-pressure data points from 40°C to 100°C.

15 دقيقة
5

Plot ln(P) vs 1/T(K). The slope = -ΔHvap/R.

10 دقيقة
6

Calculate ΔHvap from the slope. Compare with the literature value of 40.7 kJ/mol.

5 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

The ln(P) vs 1/T plot should be linear with a negative slope. The calculated ΔHvap should be approximately 40-44 kJ/mol, close to the accepted value of 40.7 kJ/mol for water.

التنظيف

Release vacuum slowly. Turn off heater. Drain water and dry apparatus.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of ضغط البخار ونقطة الغليان?
قياس ضغط البخار للماء عند درجات حرارة مختلفة والتحقق من معادلة كلوسيوس-كلابيرون.
How difficult is ضغط البخار ونقطة الغليان?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for ضغط البخار ونقطة الغليان?
Key safety precautions include: Handle vacuum apparatus carefully — implosion risk with glass; Hot water can cause burns; Use proper vacuum-rated glassware only.
What materials are needed for ضغط البخار ونقطة الغليان?
The main materials required are: Distilled water, Ice.
What results should I expect from ضغط البخار ونقطة الغليان?
The ln(P) vs 1/T plot should be linear with a negative slope. The calculated ΔHvap should be approximately 40-44 kJ/mol, close to the accepted value of 40.7 kJ/mol for water.