جمع غاز الهيدروجين
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توليد الهيدروجين وجمعه من الزنك والحمض
الهدف
توليد غاز الهيدروجين من تفاعل الزنك مع حمض الهيدروكلوريك وجمعه بإزاحة الماء.
الخلفية
When zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂. The gas can be collected by water displacement in an inverted graduated cylinder, allowing volume measurement and mole calculations.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby
- HCl is corrosive
- Work in a well-ventilated area
- Do not seal the system completely — pressure buildup risk
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Zinc granules (5 g)
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)2M
-
Distilled water (500 mL)
المعدات
الإجراء
Fill the pneumatic trough with water. Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it, and place it in the trough.
Place 5 g zinc granules in the Erlenmeyer flask.
Add 50 mL of 2M HCl to the flask. Quickly insert the rubber stopper with delivery tube.
Direct the delivery tube under the inverted graduated cylinder. Collect the hydrogen gas by water displacement.
When the reaction slows, record the volume of gas collected. Note temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Optionally, perform the squeaky pop test: bring a lit splint near a small collection of H₂.
Calculate moles of H₂ using ideal gas law and compare with moles predicted from zinc mass.
النتائج المتوقعة
5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.
التنظيف
Neutralize remaining acid with sodium bicarbonate. Dispose of zinc chloride solution down the drain. Rinse all equipment.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Gas Laws
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 35 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $10,00
- الخطوات
- 7
- المواد
- 3