シャルルの法則（風船実験）

温度による気体の体積変化を測定する

Gas Laws Beginner (Middle School) 30 分 ~$5.00

目的

様々な温度での空気入り風船の周長を測定し、シャルルの法則を実証する。

背景

Charles's law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Kelvin). By heating and cooling a balloon and measuring its size, the linear relationship between V and T can be confirmed.

安全上の警告

  • Handle hot water carefully
  • Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon

必要なPPE

goggles

材料

  • Latex balloons (3)
    Same size
  • String (1 m)
    For measuring circumference
  • Ice (1 kg)
  • Hot water (2 L)
    Various temperatures

器具

Large containers (3) Thermometer Ruler or tape measure Timer

手順

1

Inflate a balloon to a moderate size and tie it off. Measure its circumference at room temperature with string.

3 分
2

Prepare three water baths: ice water (~5°C), room temperature (~22°C), and hot water (~60°C).

5 分 Handle hot water carefully
3

Submerge the balloon in ice water for 5 minutes. Remove and quickly measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 分
4

Return the balloon to room temperature water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference.

7 分
5

Submerge in hot water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 分
6

Convert temperatures to Kelvin. Plot V (proportional to circumference³) vs T(K). Extrapolate to find absolute zero.

5 分

予想される結果

The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).

後片付け

Drain water baths. Pop and dispose of balloons. Clean up any spills.

詳細

カテゴリ
Gas Laws
難易度
Beginner (Middle School)
所要時間
30 分
推定費用
$5.00
ステップ数
6
材料
4

その他の実験

CO₂と石灰水のテスト 20 min STPでの気体のモル体積 35 min デカルトダイバー 15 min ボイルの法則の検証 40 min マグネシウムを用いたガス化学量論 40 min 拡散速度の比較（グラハムの法則） 30 min 水素ガスの捕集 35 min 蒸気圧と沸点 45 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of シャルルの法則（風船実験）?
様々な温度での空気入り風船の周長を測定し、シャルルの法則を実証する。
How difficult is シャルルの法則（風船実験）?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for シャルルの法則（風船実験）?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water carefully; Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon.
What materials are needed for シャルルの法則（風船実験）?
The main materials required are: Latex balloons, String, Ice, Hot water.
What results should I expect from シャルルの法則（風船実験）?
The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).