水素ガスの捕集

亜鉛と酸から水素を発生・捕集する

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 分 ~$10.00

目的

亜鉛と塩酸の反応で水素ガスを発生させ、水上置換法で捕集する。

背景

When zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂. The gas can be collected by water displacement in an inverted graduated cylinder, allowing volume measurement and mole calculations.

安全上の警告

  • Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby
  • HCl is corrosive
  • Work in a well-ventilated area
  • Do not seal the system completely — pressure buildup risk

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Zinc granules (5 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    2M
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

器具

Erlenmeyer flask (250 mL) Rubber stopper with delivery tube Pneumatic trough or large bowl Graduated cylinder (100 mL) Rubber tubing

手順

1

Fill the pneumatic trough with water. Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it, and place it in the trough.

5 分
2

Place 5 g zinc granules in the Erlenmeyer flask.

2 分
3

Add 50 mL of 2M HCl to the flask. Quickly insert the rubber stopper with delivery tube.

2 分 HCl is corrosive
4

Direct the delivery tube under the inverted graduated cylinder. Collect the hydrogen gas by water displacement.

10 分 No flames — hydrogen is flammable
5

When the reaction slows, record the volume of gas collected. Note temperature and atmospheric pressure.

3 分
6

Optionally, perform the squeaky pop test: bring a lit splint near a small collection of H₂.

3 分 Very small amount only
7

Calculate moles of H₂ using ideal gas law and compare with moles predicted from zinc mass.

5 分

予想される結果

5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.

後片付け

Neutralize remaining acid with sodium bicarbonate. Dispose of zinc chloride solution down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

詳細

カテゴリ
Gas Laws
難易度
Intermediate (High School)
所要時間
35 分
推定費用
$10.00
ステップ数
7
材料
3

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 水素ガスの捕集?
亜鉛と塩酸の反応で水素ガスを発生させ、水上置換法で捕集する。
How difficult is 水素ガスの捕集?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 水素ガスの捕集?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby; HCl is corrosive; Work in a well-ventilated area.
What materials are needed for 水素ガスの捕集?
The main materials required are: Zinc granules, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from 水素ガスの捕集?
5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.