STPでの気体のモル体積

ブタンを使って実験的に22.4 L/molを決定する

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 分 ~$6.00

目的

ライターから放出されるガスの質量と体積を測定してブタンガスのSTPにおけるモル体積を決定する。

背景

A butane lighter releases pure C₄H₁₀ gas. By weighing the lighter before and after releasing gas into a water-displacement collection system, and measuring the volume collected, the molar volume can be calculated and compared to the theoretical 22.4 L/mol at STP.

安全上の警告

  • Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment
  • Ensure adequate ventilation
  • Do not inhale butane

必要なPPE

goggles

材料

  • Butane lighter (1)
    Disposable, transparent preferred
  • Distilled water (1 L)
  • Ice (as needed)
    Optional, for STP correction

器具

Pneumatic trough or large container Graduated cylinder (500 mL or 1 L) Analytical balance (0.01 g) Thermometer Barometer Rubber tubing

手順

1

Weigh the butane lighter on the analytical balance. Record the mass to 0.01 g.

2 分
2

Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it in the pneumatic trough.

3 分
3

Connect rubber tubing to the lighter nozzle. Submerge the other end under the graduated cylinder.

3 分 No flames nearby
4

Release butane slowly into the inverted cylinder, collecting 200-400 mL of gas.

5 分 Butane is flammable
5

Record the volume of gas collected. Equalize water levels first.

2 分
6

Reweigh the lighter. The mass difference is the mass of butane released.

2 分
7

Record temperature and pressure. Calculate moles of butane (M=58.12 g/mol). Correct volume to STP using combined gas law.

8 分
8

Calculate molar volume = V(STP)/n. Compare with theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

5 分

予想される結果

0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

後片付け

Ensure no butane remains in the room — ventilate well. Drain water apparatus. Store lighter safely.

詳細

カテゴリ
Gas Laws
難易度
Intermediate (High School)
所要時間
35 分
推定費用
$6.00
ステップ数
8
材料
3

その他の実験

CO₂と石灰水のテスト 20 min シャルルの法則（風船実験） 30 min デカルトダイバー 15 min ボイルの法則の検証 40 min マグネシウムを用いたガス化学量論 40 min 拡散速度の比較（グラハムの法則） 30 min 水素ガスの捕集 35 min 蒸気圧と沸点 45 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of STPでの気体のモル体積?
ライターから放出されるガスの質量と体積を測定してブタンガスのSTPにおけるモル体積を決定する。
How difficult is STPでの気体のモル体積?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for STPでの気体のモル体積?
Key safety precautions include: Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment; Ensure adequate ventilation; Do not inhale butane.
What materials are needed for STPでの気体のモル体積?
The main materials required are: Butane lighter, Distilled water, Ice.
What results should I expect from STPでの気体のモル体積?
0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.